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Missouri CDBG Administrative Training 2011

Missouri CDBG Administrative Training 2011. Missouri Dept of Economic Development Jefferson City, MO July 8, 2011. Paul Mohr Regional Environmental Officer HUD Region VII Office 400 State Avenue, Rm 200 Kansas City, MO 66101-2406 913.551.5818 (voice) 913.551-5499 (fax)

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Missouri CDBG Administrative Training 2011

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  1. Missouri CDBG Administrative Training 2011 Missouri Dept of Economic Development Jefferson City, MO July 8, 2011 Paul Mohr Regional Environmental Officer HUD Region VII Office 400 State Avenue, Rm 200 Kansas City, MO 66101-2406 913.551.5818 (voice) 913.551-5499 (fax) paul.f.mohr@hud.gov Kansas City Regional Office

  2. Noise Control

  3. Training Topics: • Background • HUD Noise Standards • Conducting Noise Analysis • Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction • Mitigation Review • ERR Documentation

  4. Background Noise is detrimental for many reasons… • Noise affects people’s ability to: • Talk to one another • Hear threats around them • Enjoy recreational pursuits • Learn and concentrate • Noise causes physical harm - hearing loss, stress, and threats to mental and social well being • Noise reduces property value and resale potential

  5. Background Common Audible Sounds Rustle of leaves in the wind 10dB Average whisper 20dB Soft radio music in a house 40dB Range of speech 48-72dB Noisy urban street 90dB Loud auto horn at 10 ft. 100dB

  6. Background Noise affects the quality of housing and its economic value… • Comply with the Housing Act of 1949 by creating and enforcing a standard for “a decent home in a suitable living environment” • Comply with the HUD Act of 1965 mandate “to determine feasible methods of reducing the economic loss and hardships suffered by homeowners…following the construction of airports…” • Comply with Compatible Land Uses at Federal Airfields to not promote incompatible land uses within the influence of military and other federal air installations

  7. Background Congress passed the Noise Control Act of 1972, amended by Quiet Communities Act of 1978 • Implemented for HUD projects through regulation 24 CFR Part 51, Subpart B • HUD regulation established standards for maximum interior and exterior noise [24 CFR 51.101(a)(9)]

  8. HUD’s Noise Standards HUD policy for housing and noise sensitive uses… • New Construction – Prohibit (generally) HUD support for new construction of noise sensitive uses on sites having unacceptable noise exposure [24 CFR 51.101(a)(3)] • Rehabilitation – Encourage, or strongly encourage, noise attenuation features or convert to a land use compatible with high noise levels [24 CFR 51.101(a)(5)] • Land Use – Encourage land use patterns for housing and other noise sensitive urban needs that provide a suitable separation between them and major noise sources [24 CFR 51.100(a)(3)]

  9. HUD’s Noise Standards New construction versus existing construction… • New Construction- Noise must be considered for new construction or land development (including acquisition, insurance, conversion from non-residential uses) for residential or noise sensitive uses • Existing Construction • Rehabilitation projects are encouraged to provide noise attenuation • If noise is in Unacceptable range, conversion to more suitable land use is strongly encouraged • Project cannot be rejected solely for noise - However, noise is marketability factor which may influence underwriting and other assistance

  10. HUD’s Noise Standards Major versus Minor rehabilitation of 1-4 unit housing • Noise can’t be taken into consideration without knowing if it’s an issue – and if it is an issue, attenuate noise commensurate with the extent of effort, resources, and level of exterior noise • For “major or substantial rehab,” HUD/Responsible Entity “actively shall seek” noise attenuation [§51.101(a)(5)] • No explicit definition (in noise regulation or HUD policy) distinguishes “major” vs “minor” rehab of single-family housing • Reasonable to establish a threshold at “50% of the pre-rehab value” whereby noise will be evaluated if project falls within threshold distance of major noise source • Thus: • For major rehab, attenuate noise given the extent of rehab and level of exterior noise • For minor rehab, perform energy audit and include weatherization in scope of work to extent practicable

  11. Threshold of Hearing Damage Threshold of Pain Threshold of Feeling Threshold of Audibility 1 4 0 0 65 75 Near Jet Engine Leaves Rustling Average Office Noisy Urban Street HUD’s Noise Standards HUD Outdoor Noise Standard… 24 CFR 51.103 (Noise Guidebook pg 50) • Acceptable Range: <65 dB • Normally Unacceptable Range: 65 dB <75 dB • Unacceptable Range: >75 dB

  12. Best Choices HUD’s Noise Standards Management options for addressing noise… • Typical construction provides 20 dB of noise attenuation – So, if outdoor noise level is 65 dB (or less), indoor noise will be 45 dB (acceptable)[24 CFR 51.103(c)(2)] • Four Noise Management Options • REDUCE: Reduce the Noise Emitted from a Sound Generator (HUD has No Authority to regulate equipment manufacturers or operators) • SEPARATE: Move Building Further from the Sound Generator • MITIGATE PROPERTY: Construct Noise Barriers Near Property Lines • MITIGATE BUILDING: Use Sound-Attenuating Building Construction and Materials in the Building Construction. (Least Desirable: Subjects Outdoor Areas to Excessive Noise)

  13. HUD’s Noise Standards How is noise evaluated? HUD uses Day-Night Level (DNL) noise descriptor • accumulates noise data from all sources • airports • roadways • railroads • military and industrial facilities • averaged over a 24 hour period • weighted 10 decibels for nighttime • estimates noise level for 10-years in future

  14. Conducting Noise Analysis Overview of noise evaluation process… • Determine whether project is noise sensitive use • Determine if project is within proximity to major noise source(s) • Gather data needed for analysis • Calculate noise level • Based on noise level, make finding: • approve project as proposed • require noise attenuation or mitigation • reject project / seek alternative site(s)

  15. Housing Hospitals Quiet outdoor space that is ancillary to the principal use (e.g. for recreation/sitting) Day Care Facility Nursing Homes Libraries Community Center Conducting Noise Analysis 1. Determinewhether project is noise sensitive use Any activity that is easily disturbed by high noise levels…

  16. Conducting Noise Analysis 1. Determine whether project is noise sensitive use Least Sensitive • Noise Sensitivity Continuum Most Sensitive Performance Venues Recreation Commercial Office Land Uses Retail Residential Industrial Interior Spaces Storage/ Garage Bath/ Utility Kitchen Living/Family Room Bedroom / Den

  17. Conducting Noise Analysis 2. Determine if project within proximity to a major noise source or sources Project located within: • 1,000 feet of major/busy road • 3,000 feet of railway • 15 miles of civil airport or military airfield • Near industrial facility

  18. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Information about the project and area: • Maps of the site and surroundings • Site plan and Vicinity map • Aerial photograph – e.g. Google Earth • Planimetric map – shows roads, building footprints, railroads • Topographic map – shows elevation contours • Local land use plans (future, proposed) and zoning • Is outdoor use a component of the project? (balconies, patios, decks) • Visit site, if possible

  19. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • Airports – Contact airport manager or Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) • Obtain noise contour plan or data on # flights per day, both daytime and at night • Most airports have noise plan that includes Noise Contours - Nearly all installations that make noise have a plan for managing it • At Military Installations, ask for their “Air Installation Compatible Use Zone” Plan – It is intended to be shared with local planners and developers

  20. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • Airports – • Civil airports subject to Part 51-B are those designated in the FAA’s “National Plan of Integrated Airport System” (NPIAS) – generally, 9,000 enplanements or higher: www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/npias/reports/ • All military air installations are subject to Part 51-B. Sample source for military installations: www.globemaster.de/basemap.html

  21. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • Roadways - Contact State DOT, city/county transportation agency or regional planning agency • Average Daily Traffic (ADT) • Percentage Breakdown of automobiles and medium and heavy trucks • Traffic projections needed for minimum 10 years into future • Percentage Nighttime Use

  22. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis TYPICAL VEHICLE USE BY ROAD CLASSIFICATION Roadway ClassVehicle Use • Local 1,500/day • Collector 2,000-3,000/day (up to 8,000/day) • Arterial 20,000-25,000/day or 2,400/hr. (at peak hours) • Freeway +70,000/day Source: Local Planning Administration Book, International City Manager’s Association., 1959

  23. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • Railroads - Contact railroad operator or State DOT • Who is Operator? Check Federal Railroad Administration’s crossing inventory database or site visit to at-grade crossing • How many Trains per day? • Number of Cars per train? • Number of Engines per train? Diesel or electric? • Rails welded or bolted? • Speed of train? • Percent of night operations?

  24. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • Railroads – Obtaining data: try Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) at-grade crossing inventory database: safetydata.fra.dot.gov/OfficeofSafety/publicsite/crossing/xingqryloc.aspx • Take crossing # from bungalow or signal mast, e.g., 433458X or 669871J

  25. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • Railroads - Whistle Posts near site? • Is site within perpendicular lines drawn from whistle posts? If yes, “horns” are an impact “No” “Yes” Highway • W • W ¼ mile

  26. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Assumptions are allowable where better data is not obtainable • Roadways • roadway speed = actual, observed speed for cars and trucks • night time traffic = 15% of ADT • Trains • 50 cars per diesel train • 8 cars per electric train • 30 mph train speed • whistles used at grade crossings

  27. Conducting Noise Analysis 3. Gather data needed for analysis Collect raw data and information about noise sources: • IndustrialFacilities • Identify factories, warehouses, heavy industrial uses within proximity of site • Hours of operation • Such facilities may generate loud, impulsive sounds

  28. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level • Overview: • Noise exposure is calculated for major noise sources typically encountered - aircraft, vehicles and trains • Sound levels are combined for a total projected noise environment – (Sound levels are not added together, rather mathematical factors combine levels based on the difference between two levels being compared) • Impact noises are handled separately – such as, sonic booms, stamping mills, metal fabrication, artillery and explosives training or testing

  29. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level using Tools • Use Charts (paper nomographs) from HUD guidebook “Noise Assessment Guidebook” (NAG)Order free copy 800-767-7468, # HUD-953-CPD • or • Use Excel Spreadsheet obtained from HUD or • Use HUD on-line calculating tool www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/environment/dnlcalculator.cfm

  30. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level…the process • Select Noise Assessment Location – “NAL” • Measure distance from NAL to noise source • Input noise source data (variables) into nomographs, spreadsheet or on-line calculator • Apply adjustment factors – doneautomatically if using spreadsheet or on-line calculator • Calculate combined DNL – doneautomatically if using spreadsheet or on-line calculator • Re-calculate DNL accounting for barriers & mitigation, as appropriate

  31. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level NAL: Noise Assessment Location • NAL is located 6.5 feet (2 meters) • in front of the façade of the proposed building at the point that is closest to the noise source • If more than one building, use building nearest to noise source • May have more than one NAL for a large site or site with more than one major noise source

  32. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level • Measure the distance from NAL to centerline of noise source – use scaled site plan or map • Roadways • Measure to near edge of nearest lane • Far edge of farthest lane • Add and divide by 2 • If symmetrical roadways, simply measure to centerline • Railroads • Measure to center of single track • Multiple tracks – measure to middle of set • Non-adjacent tracks –calculate each track as separate source

  33. Worksheet ASite Evaluation Fill out top section with basic project data to start assessment Individual findings added after other worksheets are completed – spreadsheet automatically includes & calculates Final Determination

  34. Worksheet BAircraft Noise(Noise Guidebook pg 52) List all airports of concern If contours are available, locate the site on the map and estimate the noise exposure. If not, fill in the data gathered here and estimate the contours Impulse Noise from Sonic Booms? (If Yes, Add 8 dB) Add note about sonic booms and explosions

  35. Conducting Noise Analysis Loud Impulsive Sounds 4. Calculate noise level • Impulse Noises have enormous effect • Add 8 decibels to the total if present [24 CFR 51.103(b)] • Criteria for including: [24 CFR 51.106(a)(3)] • Loud (explosions, sonic booms, artillery firing, etc) • Unpredictable • Definition: [24 CFR 51 Appendix I(3)(i)] • Definable as a Discreet Event • Approximately 1 Second Duration or Less • Slow-Averaging meter reading – at least 6 decibels greater than ambient level • Fast-Averaging meter reading – at least 4 decibels greater than slow-averaging meter reading

  36. Worksheet CRoadway Noise(Noise Guidebook pg 54) On all sheets, use the white space to document data sources & other pertinent information Stop signs within 600 ft (Traffic lights don’t count) Road grade: “rise over run” ADT must be provided by DOT If night use unknown, use 15%

  37. Worksheet D1Railway Noise(Noise Guidebook pg 62) Applies to all railroads within 3,000 ft of the property line Include the locomotive in number of cars in an electrified train Horns are required at nearly all crossings – Should be rephrased: “Is site opposite a section of track between whistlestops?”

  38. Workchart 3Railway Noise RR#1 158 In this example, Each railroad is plotted on the chart – and the noise level found RR#1 DNL = 60 dB RR#2 DNL = 44 dB RR#3 DNL = 61 dB 60 dB RR#2 1.5 44 dB 61 dB 40 540 1200 RR#3 1.3

  39. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level A Word on Noise Meters… • May use when: • Insufficient/inadequate data • Noise source is not impulsive, but is “point” source – e.g., large air vents from underground transit line; noisy adjacent industrial use • May not use to refute NAG or airport contours. • See pp 101-102 of Noise Guidebook as to when and when not to use measurements • Should be professionally prepared (acoustical engineer)

  40. Conducting Noise Analysis 4. Calculate noise level HUD on-line DNL calculator www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/environment/dnlcalculator.cfm

  41. Conducting Noise Analysis 5. Based on calculated noise level, make Finding… • Finding: • Acceptable Range: <65 dB • Normally Unacceptable Range: 65 dB <75 dB • Unacceptable Range: >75 dB • If Normally Unacceptable: • Select another site (alternative location) • Consider exterior mitigation • Consider interior mitigation • If Unacceptable: • Select another site (alternative location) • Conduct EIS (Environmental Impact Statement)

  42. Example: CDBG Single-Family Major Rehab • Questions: • What is the NOISE Level (DNL)? • Is the site acceptable? • Can you mitigate? • US-69 HWY data • (Source: K-DOT Map) • 11,800 ADT • 1250 Heavy Trucks • 5% Medium Trucks • 50 MPH • 15% Nighttime Traffic • 0% Slope • distance to stop +600’ • Breakout Auto & Medium Truck ADT • 10,550 Auto ADT • (11,800 minus 1250) • 528 Medium Truck • (10,550 times 5%)) US-69 Center line Sleepy Lane 200 FT NAL www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/environment/dnlcalculator.cfm

  43. Attenuating Noise Site Design – Barriers – Acoustical Construction

  44. Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction Noise Mitigation & Attenuation • Options for Exterior Mitigation • Revise the site design • Construct a barrier • Remove balconies & windows from noise-exposed facades • Options for Interior Mitigation • Move noise-sensitive uses to interior portions of the building • Use wall sections with appropriate Sound Transmission Classifications

  45. Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction Responsibility of NEPA Preparer • What Do You Do? • Make developer aware of the attenuation requirements • Make decision-makers aware of the mitigation options available • Review attenuation proposals to assure they are adequate • What Don’t You Do? • It Is Not your responsibility to design barriers or figure acoustical construction specifications However…

  46. Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction You Should… Responsibility of NEPA Preparer • Have a basic understanding of what can be done • Know what will work - and what will not • Provide site planning options that will achieve the desired result without huge additional cost • Remember that an alternative site may be the best solution

  47. Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction Three Options for Attenuating Noise • Site Design – Moving noise-sensitive uses away from the noise source – Best option • Barriers or Berms – Constructing physical barricades to stop noise (Protects outside areas) • Structural Design & Acoustical Construction– Changes to the building itself, including special acoustical construction (Least preferred, because does nothing to mitigate exterior noise)

  48. Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction Option 1:Site Planning & Design • Distance • Doubling distance from sound source can reduce intensity by 6 dB • Important to consider for upper levels of multi-story buildings – which cannot be easily protected by noise barrier • Noise-compatible land uses as buffers • Parking, maintenance facilities, utility structures and landscaped open space • Buildings as Shields • Structures with noise-tolerant uses (Office, Retail) can block the sound energy from more sensitive uses behind them • Building Orientation • Site building to use topography (hills and depressions) as barriers

  49. Site Design, Barriers, Acoustical Construction Buildings As Shields

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