1 / 34
E N D
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESUROSES AND ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS P.Nithya
RESOURCES • The term recourses was taken to mean only the natural factors or things like mountains, mineral deposit, forests, animal life, soil, water, air etc, “resource” was used to refer to only Natural resources. • This term was taken to mean all natural phenomenon or factors, whether they are useful to man or not.
what are natural resources ? • Natural resources occur naturally within environments • Natural resources is often characterized by amount of biodiversity and geo diversity existent in various ecosystems. • Any material which is part of earth and satisfy human need and add value is called as resource. Example: rocks, minerals, soil, rivers, plant & animal. • Human is a resource because developing his skill, he can develop other resource by adding values to the physical material.
Values of natural resources • Economic values: production of things from natural resources • Legal values: clean air, fresh water, healthy animal and human being. • Aesthetic values: beauty of village, roads, ponds and their agricultural fields.
natural resources • Renewable The resources that can be harvested continuously with proper planning and management are called renewable resources • non-renewable The resources which are limited in supply and cannot be replenished by natural mean
Chief natural resources • Forests resources • Water resources • Land resources • Minerals resources • Energy resources • Food resources
Functions of forest (1)Protective functions: this includes the protective role of forests soil erosion, drought, flood, intense radiation etc., (2) Productive functions: forest are the sources of wood and many other products like gums, resins, fibers, medicines, honey, pulp, paper etc.,
Functions of forest (3) Regulative functions: function like absorption, storage, release of gases, Water, minerals and radiant energy, improve atmospheric conditions. Forest effectively regulate flood, droughts and many gaseous cycles in nature. (4) Accessory functions: this includes the role of forests in recreation, aesthetics, and as habitat of diverge wild life etc.,
Direct uses of forest • They provide timber for house-building , ship- building, bridge, railways carriage, furniture’s etc., • They supply fire wood and charcoal for fuel in homes and in industries. • They provide wood pulp for the paper and rayon industries. • They provide honey for food and medicines. • They provide bee wax for candles, medicines, shoe-making etc., • They provide canes foe baskets, mats, chairs, ropes, walking stick and umbrella handles. • They provide sandal wood for carved boxes and small domestic articles.
They provide tanning materials in the form of wood, barks, leaves, roots, and fruits for tanning hides and skin. • The provide corks for bottle- stoppers. • They provide camphor for medicines. • They provide rubber for rubber industries. • They provide balata for the preparation of sea cables and machine belts. • They provide edible fruits. • They provide fibers. • They provide grasses for the grazing of animals, thatching.
Indirect uses of forest • They stop the rain- bearing winds and cause the rainfall. • They increase the moisture content in the atmosphere and thereby provide additional precipitation (i.e., rainfall) in the locality • They minimize the extreme variation in climatic condition and make the climate more equable. • They control floods during heavy rain by absorbing excess rain water. • They prevent soil erosion by absorb large quantity of water thus, forest help in help in flow of rivers and streams.
They offer hunting grounds. • They provides shelter to wild animals and birds. • They improve the sanitary condition of a people. • They are a source of revenue to the government. • They facilitate human existence by provide by providing O2 to human being and absorbing CO2 by human beings. • They provide employment large number of people in different capacities as wood cutters, carriers etc.,
Depletion of forest resource • The history of the exploitation of forest is as man himself but during older times, the exploitation was balanced through natural growth of forest because at that time, exploitation was only for personal and community uses. But in recent year, depletion of forest has been on a large scale.
Control of deforestation • Prevention of human settlement in forest areas. • Check of expansion of agriculture into forest lands. • Prohibition of setting up of agricultural into forest lands. • Check on reckless cutting of trees. • Controlled mining in forest areas. • Check on construction of large dams in forest areas. • Control on over grazing in forest areas.
Conservation of forest • Social forestry and agro-forestry. • Development of national park and game sanctuaries. • Development of botanical gardens • Development of seed banks. • Forest management. • Proper role of government in forest conservation.
Source of water • Surface water: ocean, seas, ponds, river • Underground water: streams, well, bore well Use and over exploitation of surface and ground water • waste and byproduct from industries • Disposal of municipal in river case major loss of clean water • Agriculture waste, pesticide, fertilizer.
Water calamities: floods and droughts • Floods damage to water supply, sewage disposal system. • Affect human health • Damage prosperities and infra • Rapid speed leads to landslide. • It cause respiratory diseases due consumption of polluted water. • Increase physical and emotional stress. • Disturbed transport system, food shortage • Releases of chemical • Migration
Floods floods refers to the presence of unusually large amount of water at any place or more water that can be handled by the drainage of the area. The various types of flood are • Flash floods • River floods • Coastal floods
Drought A drought is a condition in which a region suffers from a severe scarcity in its water availability. • Water resources depleted • Loss of live stock affect local economy. • According to united nation food and agricultural organization, 1.2 billion people, 20% earth population suffered • Draught changes in routine weather patter.
Dams What do dams provide? • Electricity • Irrigation navigation • Flood control • Beautiful landscape • Demands for drinking and other consumption needs • Water wastage regulated
Causes of flooding torrential rain Urbanization increases surface run-off
Causes of flooding Dam collapse tsunami caused by underwater earthquake snow melt
Causes of flooding Monsoon rain global warming Deforestation
To control flooding…. Control the water level • Dams • Pumping station • Creation of dam Pumping station Build barriers • Embankments • Flood wall
To control flooding Alter the river’s channel • Straighten it • Widen and deepen it Control land use around the river (land use zoning)
