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Heavily obscured AGN with INTEGRAL/SWIFT/XMM/CHANDRA: prospect for SIMBOL-X

Heavily obscured AGN with INTEGRAL/SWIFT/XMM/CHANDRA: prospect for SIMBOL-X. R. Della Ceca INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera. In collaboration with: P. Severgnini (INAF-OABrera, Italy) Caccianiga (INAF-OABrera, Italy) V. Braito (John Hopkins Univ. NASA/GSFC,USA)

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Heavily obscured AGN with INTEGRAL/SWIFT/XMM/CHANDRA: prospect for SIMBOL-X

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  1. Heavily obscured AGN with INTEGRAL/SWIFT/XMM/CHANDRA:prospect for SIMBOL-X R. Della Ceca INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

  2. In collaboration with: • P. Severgnini (INAF-OABrera, Italy) • Caccianiga (INAF-OABrera, Italy) • V. Braito (John Hopkins Univ. NASA/GSFC,USA) • L. Ballo (ESAC/ESA, Spain) • F. Fiore (INAF-OARoma,Italy) • Comastri (INAF-OABologna,Italy) • G. Malaguti (INAF-IASFBo,Italy) • R. Gilli (INAF-OABologna,Italy) • C. Vignali (Bologna University,Italy)

  3. Plan of this talk • Why heavily obscured (NH>1024 cm-2) AGN • are so important? • What do we really know about the Compton • Thick AGN Universe? • From BeppoSAX, INTEGRAL, SWIFT, XMM, Chandra, SUZAKU • Which is the expected improvement in this • field with SIMBOL-X?

  4. Why heavily obscured (NH>1024 cm-2) AGN are so important? SMBH are found in the center of most nearby bulge dominated galaxies Their masses are proportional to bulge properties (e.g. luminosity, velocity dispersion) Strong feedback mechanism between the formation and evolution of SMBH and their host galaxy Active Galactic Nuclei are leading actors in the galaxy formation and evolution of structure in the Universe

  5. Gilli et al., 2006 Log NH 21 22 23 24 25 Why heavily obscured (NH>1024 cm-2) AGN are so important? The CXB synthesis model + AGN Unification Models ~50% of the accretion power produced in the Universe could be produced in heavily obscured sources. Many of these sources could be optically elusive

  6. NGC 3690 IC 694 big bump E>10 keV thermal bump Fe-Ka 6.4 keV (Alonso-Herrero et al. 2000) ~22'‘ = 4.6 kpc Hunting for Optically Elusive AGNs: the case of the merging system Arp 299 BeppoSAX observations: • NH = 2.5 · 1024 cm-2 • L(0.5-100 keV)= 1.9 · 1043 erg s-1 • 6.4 keV Fe-Ka: Eem.line = 6.35 eV EW = 636 eV but EWtransmitted ~ 7 keV D = 44 Mpc • LFIR = 2.86 · 1011 LSUN • Optical and mid-/far-IR: LINER and/or starbursting (Della Ceca et al. 2002, ApJL, 581, 9)

  7. Hard (>10 keV) X-ray data are fundamental to unveil and to study this component and to have the real Census of Super-Massive Black Hole in the Unviverse What do we really know about the Compton Thick AGN Universe ?

  8. INTEGRAL/SWIFT AGN surveys resolved ~few% of the hard (~10-50 keV) CXB • Swift/BAT Survey (Markwardt et al., 2005) • sensitivity: ~10-11 erg cm-2 s-1 (14-195 keV) • 66 high Galactic latitude sources: - 44 E.L.AGN (39 with NH) • - 10 Unidentified • 4 Compton Thick AGN • INTEGRAL IBIS Survey (Bassani et al., 2006) • sensitivity limit (20-100 keV): ~1.5x10-11 cgs • At the flux limit: - 49 E.L.AGN (41 with NH) • - 5 Unidentified • 5 Compton Thick AGN

  9. INTEGRAL/SWIFT AGN surveys • INTEGRAL IBIS Survey (Sazonov et al., 2006) • sensitivity limit (17-60 keV): ~7x10-11 cgs (75% of Sky at |b|>5) • : ~4x10-11 cgs (50% of Sky at |b|>5) • Complete sample (SNR>5, |b|>5): - 66 E.L.AGN (60 with NH) • - 7 Unidentified • 4 Compton Thick AGN • INTEGRAL IBIS AGN Survey (Beckmann et al., 2006) • sensitivity limit (20-40 keV): ~3x10-11 cgs (76% of Sky) • : ~1x10-11 cgs (17% of Sky) • Complete sample (SNR>5): - 38 E.L. AGN (32 with NH) • - 8 Unidentified (but at low |b|) • 3 Compton Thick AGN

  10. Compton Thick AGN selected above 10 keV 10-40 keV 8 Compton Thick AGN in total from statistically complete sample !!! CT Fraction = (5 – 20)% Fx=10-11 cgs

  11. Compton Thick AGN detected above 10 keV 10-40 keV Complete samples + pointing observations 16 Compton Thick AGN in total!!! Fx=10-11 cgs

  12. Broad band spectra: NGC4945 and NGC1068 Normalized to the Crab spectrum (~2) BeppoSAX MECS+PDS NGC 4945 NH~2x1024 cm-2 L10-40~3x1042 cgs NGC 1068 NH>1025 cm-2 L10-40>5x1041 cgs Guainazzi et al 2000

  13. Broad band spectra: NGC 5728 Primary PL component SUZAKU XIS+HXD/pin Fe lines Reflected component Scattered component NH~2x1024 cm-2 L10-40~1x1043 cgs Comastri et al., 2007

  14. Candidate CT AGN detected below 10 keV 2-10 keV CT AGN candidate having a prominent (EW > 800 eV) Iron Line 21 objects ASCA,BeppoSAX,XMM L2-10keV(observed) Fx=10-13 cgs Redshift

  15. Candidate CT AGN detected below 10 keV 2-10 keV CT AGN candidate having a prominent (EW > ~800 eV) Iron Line ASCA,BeppoSAX,XMM 21 objects CT AGN Candidate in the CDFS L2-10keV(observed) 21 objects Fx=10-13 cgs Fx=10-15 cgs We do not see the absorption cut-off  only a lover limit on NH We do not know Lxintrinsic for 90% of these sources!!!! Redshift

  16. Compton Thick AGN detected above 10 keV 10-40 keV Complete samples + pointing observations 16 Compton Thick AGN in total!!! Fx=10-11 cgs

  17. Comparison with AGN Compton Thin (NH<1024 cm-2) 508 AGN NH<1022 1022<NH<1024 307 201 Good coverage of the Lx-z plane up to z~2 From La Franca et al., 2005

  18. What can we do with SIMBOL-X? F10-40~10-11 cgs F2-10~5x10-13 cgs NH ~3x1024 cm-2; z=0.2 Exp = 100Ksec Counts: ~ 11000 (MPD) ~ 8000 (CZT) Iron K line Iron K line Accuracy NH 5%  0.5% NormPL 10% NormREFL 30% NormSCATT 5% Accuracy E6.4,6.7 1% Norm15%

  19. The Compton Thick AGN Universe According to the CXB models ~40 CT AGN in the sky at |b|>20 Fx=10-11 cgs • Possible SIMBOL-X targets: • Well known CT AGN from hard X • Infrared Bright Local Galaxies 0.007 0.1

  20. What can we do with SIMBOLX? F10-40~10-12 cgs F2-10~10-13 cgs NH ~3x1024 cm-2 ; z=0.5 Counts: ~ 1500 (MPD) ~ 800 (CZT) Accuracy NH 10%  3% NormPL 20% NormREFL unc. NormSCATT 10-20% E6.4 1% Norm6.4 30-50% Exp = 100Ksec

  21. The Compton Thick AGN Universe ~1500 CT AGN in the sky at |b|>20 Fx=10-12 cgs • Possible SIMBOL-X targets: • Candidate CT from 2-10 keV data • already known • from bright 2XMM sources candidate • b) Infrared Bright Local Galaxies • c) ULIRGs 0.02 0.5

  22. What can we do with SIMBOLX? F10-40~10-13 cgs F2-10~3x10-14 cgs NH ~3x1024 cm-2 ; z=1.5 Counts: ~ 350 (MPD) ~ 150 (CZT) Accuracy NH 20-40%  10% NormPL within a factor 2 Exp = 100Ksec

  23. The Compton Thick AGN Universe ~2x106 CT AGN in the sky at |b|>20 Possible SIMBOL-X targets: a) Candidate CT AGN Spitzer/Hershel surveys b) ULIRGs Fx=10-13 cgs 0.06 1.5

  24. What about the CT AGN with NH> 1025 cm-2 F10-40~10-11 cgs; NH ~3x1024cm-2 Counts: ~ 11000 (MPD) ~ 8000 (CZT) L10-40~1045 cgs; z=0.2 Counts: ~ 1300 (MPD) ~ 500 (CZT) NH > 1025 cm-2; z=0.2 Counts: ~ 270 (MPD) ~ 150 (CZT) NH > 1025 cm-2; z=0.5

  25. Summary and conclusion The Compton thick AGN Universe is practically a ``new’’ field in high energy astrophysics since very few Compton Thick (and local) AGN have been studied so far. The SIMBOL-X mission is expected to open this field to detailed investigations up to cosmological distance (z~1.5-2.0)

  26. Summary and conclusion THANKS

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