The Industrial Age

1. CHAPTER The Industrial Age 14 Overview Time Lines 1 The Expansion of Industry SECTION 2 The Age of the Railroads SECTION 3 Big Business Emerges SECTION 4 Workers of the Nation Unite SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 14 Science and Technology The American Dream Women in America CHAPTER The Industrial Age 14 HOME “The militant, not the meek, shall inherit the earth.” Mary Harris “Mother” Jones, labor activist

3. What do you know? • What images does the phrase “The Industrial Revolution” bring to mind? Who do you think might be the key players in this chapter? Read the quote above and answer the following: • How would you paraphrase the quotation from “Mother” Jones? CHAPTER The Industrial Age 14 HOME “The militant, not the meek, shall inherit the earth.” Mary Harris “Mother” Jones, labor activist

4. 1876Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. 1877“Mother” Jones supports the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.Munn v. Illinois establishes government regulation of railroads. 1879Thomas A. Edison invents the light bulb. 1886Haymarket riot turns public sentiment against unions. 1887Interstate Commerce Act is passed. 1890Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act. 1894President Cleveland sends federal troops to Illinois to end the Pullman strike. CHAPTER Time Line 14 HOME The United States

5. 1870Franco-Prussian War is fought. 1872Japan introduces universal military service. 1881France institutes freedom of the press. 1883Germany becomes first nation to provide national health insurance. 1885Adult males gain the vote in Great Britain. Indian National Congress is established. 1890Colonization of sub-Saharan Africa reaches its peak. 1896First modern Olympic Games held in Athens, Greece. CHAPTER Time Line 14 HOME The World

6. Learn About new technological processes and inventions. To Understand the developments that fueled industrialization. SECTION 1 The Expansion of Industry HOME

7. SECTION 1 The Expansion of Industry HOME Key Idea Industry booms as natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel technological development.

8. Technological Breakthrough Impact oil drill Bessemer steel process barbed wire and farm machines light bulb telephone SECTION 1 The Expansion of Industry HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the technological breakthroughs of the late 1800s and their impact on society? initiated oil boom made steel production cheaper and more efficient increased farmers’ output made artificial light widely available revolutionized communications

9. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS Do you think that consumers gained power as industry expanded in the late 19th century? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • how consumers can influence manufacturers • efforts 19th-century businesses made to win customers SECTION 1 The Expansion of Industry HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. RECOGNIZING EFFECTS Which invention or development described in this section had the greatest impact on society? THINK ABOUT • the applications of inventions • the impact of inventions on people’s daily lives • the effect of inventions on the workplace SECTION 1 The Expansion of Industry HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the growth and consolidation of the railroads. To Understand their influence on the expansion of industry. SECTION 2 The Age of the Railroads HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Age of the Railroads HOME Key Idea The growth and consolidation of the railroads benefit the nation but lead to corruption and regulation.

13. governmental regulation of private industry growth of towns and cities creation of nationwide market consolidation of railroads greed and corruption SECTION 2 The Age of the Railroads HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the effects of the rapid growth of railroads? Rapid Growth of Railroads

14. MAKING DECISIONS Do you think the government and private citizens could have done more to curb the corruption and power of the railroads? THINK ABOUT • the reasons that the railroads had power • the rights of railroad customers and workers • the scope of government regulations SECTION 2 The Age of the Railroads HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. SYNTHESIZING Do you agree with Herman Melville’s opinion of the railroads expressed in “Another Perspective”? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • effects of the railroads on business and industry • effects of the railroads on daily life • aspects of life before the railroads SECTION 2 The Age of the Railroads HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About Social Darwinism and the rise of industry. To Understand the government’s attempt to regulate big business. SECTION 3 Big Business Emerges HOME

17. SECTION 3 Big Business Emerges HOME Key Idea The expansion of industry in the North results in the growth of big business and the development of a new social philosophy.

18. SECTION 3 Big Business Emerges HOME 3 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING How would you compare the lives and beliefs of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller? • CARNEGIE • Born in Scotland • Steel magnate • Used vertical integration to expand • Gave away 90% of his wealth • ROCKEFELLER • Oil magnate • Formed trusts • Used ruthless tactics • Paid low wages • Kept most of his wealth • BOTH • Leaders of business • Extremely wealthy • Philanthropists

19. EVALUATING Do you agree or disagree with the principles of Social Darwinism? THINK ABOUT • why some people succeed and others don’t • the responsibility individuals have for each other in a society • the role of government in its citizens’ lives SECTION 3 Big Business Emerges HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. ANALYZING If you were a business consultant at the end of the 19th century, what advice would you offer the people of the South to help them boost their economy? THINK ABOUT • differences between the North and the South • the impact of industrialization on the North • why the South experienced slow economic development SECTION 3 Big Business Emerges HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the conditions that led workers to form unions. To Understand the struggles between labor and management. SECTION 4 Workers of the Nation Unite HOME

22. SECTION 4 Workers of the Nation Unite HOME Key Idea Laborers form unions to better their working conditions and pay. Despite some success, they eventually lose ground against government-supported business interests.

23. 1886 Haymarket Affair AFL organized 1911 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire 1866 NLU organized 1869 CNLU organized 1894 The Pullman Strike 1877 The Great Strike 1892 Steelworkers go on strike 1905 IWW organized 1868KOL organized SECTION 4 Workers of the Nation Unite HOME 4 Section Assessment SEQUENCING HISTORY What were the major events in labor activism between 1866 and 1911?

24. EVALUATING Do you think workers were wise to organize unions in the late 19th century? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • working conditions in the late 19th century • how unions presented their demands • management efforts to oppose unions SECTION 4 Workers of the Nation Unite HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. HYPOTHESIZING If the government had supported unions instead of management in the late 19th century, how might the lives of workers have been different? THINK ABOUT • the strength of management • the issues behind labor disputes • the government’s actions and power SECTION 4 Workers of the Nation Unite HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 14 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. How did the growth of the steel industry influence the development of other industries? 2. How did inventions and developments in the late 19th century change the way people worked? 3. How did railroads help unify the United States? 4. Why did people, particularly farmers, demand regulation of the railroads in the late 19th century? 5. Why were attempts at railroad regulation often unsuccessful?

27. 14 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. How did Horatio Alger’s stories reflect the doctrines of Social Darwinism? 7. Why were business leaders such as John D. Rockefeller called robber barons? 8. Why did the South industrialize more slowly than the North did? 9. Why did workers form unions in the late 19th century? 10. What factors limited the success of unions?