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A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids. Changmin Yan, Ph.D. The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication. Introduction. What’s obesity? Adults: BMI >= 30. Kids: Age & Sex-Specific BMI What contributes to obesity?

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A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

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  1. A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids Changmin Yan, Ph.D. The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

  2. Introduction • What’s obesity? • Adults: BMI >= 30. • Kids: Age & Sex-Specific BMI • What contributes to obesity? • Energy Balance Equation = Energy Intake + Energy Expenditure (CDC, 2007)

  3. Introduction Obesity Prevalence (CDC, 2008).

  4. Introduction • Agency Objectives: (PI: FuyuanShen, Ph.D.; Co-PI: Changmin Yan, Ph.D.) • Trends of media coverage on obesity. • Differences and commonalities among adults and kids.

  5. Introduction RQ1: # of Stories RQ2: Adults vs. Kids Causes & Solutions Adults vs. Kids • Research Questions/Hypotheses: (PI: FuyuanShen, Ph.D.; Co-PI: Changmin Yan, Ph.D.) • Trends of media coverage on obesity; adults vs. kids. • Agenda-Setting (McCombs & Shaw, 1972; 1993; Andsager & Powers, 2001) • 1st level: issue salience • 2nd level: issue frames

  6. Introduction • Research Questions/Hypotheses: • Framing of obesity causes and solutions. • A news frame is a pattern of selection and salience (Entman, 1993; Reese, 2003). • Causes: • Internal vs. External Attributions (Heider, 1958; Jones & Nisbett, 1972) • Individual Behavioral vs. Systemic Attributions (Iyengar, 1991) • Behavioral, Systemic, & Genetic Factors (CDC, 2007) • RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic frames for adults and kids.

  7. Introduction • Research Questions/Hypotheses: • Framing of obesity causes and solutions. • Causes: • Energy Imbalance: Food Intake & Physical Activity (CDC, 2007) • RQ4: # & types of food intake frames for adults and kids. • RQ5: # & types of physical activity frames for adults and kids. • RQ6: # & types of solutions for adults and kids.

  8. Methods • Media: The New York Times • Time Frame: Jan. 1, 1985 – Dec. 31, 2006. • Key Words in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe: “Obesity, Obese, and/or Overweight” in headline & lead paragraphs. 542 Stories. • Coding: level of agreement > 90%, Krippendorff’s alpha > 0.70.

  9. Methods • Coding Scheme: Causal Attributions • Genetic and Biological Causal Claims • Influences on Food Intake • Behavioral causal claims. • Systemic causal claims • Influences on Physical Activity • Behavioral causal claims. • Systemic causal claims

  10. Methods • Coding Scheme: Solutions (Lawrence, 2004) • The Information Environment • Restrictions on Access to Calorie-Dense or Low-Nutritional-Quality Foods • Economic Factors • Legal and Regulatory Environment • Prevention and Treatment Programs • Social Norms

  11. Results RQ1: # of obesity-related stories.

  12. Results RQ2: # of obesity-related stories, adults vs. kids.

  13. Results • RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic frames for adults and kids.

  14. Results • RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic frames for adults and kids.

  15. Results • RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic frames for adults and kids.

  16. Results • RQ4: # & types of food intake frames for adults and kids.

  17. Results • RQ4: # & types of food intake frames for adults and kids.

  18. Results • RQ5: # & types of physical activity frames for adults and kids.

  19. Results • RQ5: # & types of physical activity frames for adults and kids.

  20. Results • RQ6: # & types of solutions for adults and kids.

  21. Results • RQ6: # & types of solutions for adults and kids.

  22. Discussions • General Trends • Overall Coverage • Causal Attributions • Energy Imbalance • Adults vs. Kids • Adults: Causes & Solutions • Kids: Causes & Solutions • Implications

  23. Questions?Email: changminyan@wsu.eduCollaborations and Ideas: Consortium for the Study ofCommunication and Decision Making

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