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Missouri’s Recommendation for Area Boundary Designations for the 2012 Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS

Missouri’s Recommendation for Area Boundary Designations for the 2012 Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS. Mark Leath, Environmental Engineer, P.E. Air Quality Planning Section Nov. 21, 2013. 2012 Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS. EPA revised the Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS on Dec. 14, 2012

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Missouri’s Recommendation for Area Boundary Designations for the 2012 Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS

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  1. Missouri’s Recommendation for Area Boundary Designations for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS Mark Leath, Environmental Engineer, P.E. Air Quality Planning Section Nov. 21, 2013

  2. 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS • EPA revised the Annual PM2.5 NAAQS on Dec. 14, 2012 • Lowered from 15.0 µg/m3 to 12.0 µg/m3 • Based on a design value calculated using three-year annual average

  3. Clean Air Act Nonattainment Area Definition • Any area that does not meet the NAAQS or • Any nearby area that contributes to a violation in an area that does not meet the NAAQS

  4. Area Designations Timeline • Sept. 30, 2013 – MO draft recommendation posted for 30-day review & comment • Nov. 21, 2013 – Public hearing • Dec. 5, 2013 – Adoption consideration • Dec. 13, 2013 – Submit to EPA • Aug. 14, 2014 – EPA 120-day letter • Dec. 12, 2014 – EPA finalizes designations

  5. Boundary Designations Guidance • Missouri followed EPA Guidance for developing the boundary recommendations • Core based statistical area (CBSA) is starting point for evaluation but no presumptive nonattainment boundary • Weight of evidence approach based on five criteria: air quality, emissions, meteorology, geography/topography, jurisdictional boundaries

  6. What is PM2.5? • Solid or liquid particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 micrometers • Can be emitted directly (primary) or formed through chemical reactions (secondary) • Primary PM2.5 emissions tend to have localized impacts • Secondary PM2.5 formation can take hours or days, often resulting from transported emissions

  7. Determining Contributing Sources • PM2.5 speciation data must be analyzed to determine potential contributing sources • Primary PM2.5 (Local Emissions) • Elemental carbon, crustal particles, and organic particles • Secondary PM2.5 (Nearby or Long-Range Emissions) • Sulfates, nitrates, and organic particles

  8. Missouri PM2.5 Monitoring Network

  9. St. Louis PM2.5 Monitoring Network

  10. St. Louis Area PM2.5 Annual Design Values(Missouri and Illinois)

  11. Annual PM2.5 Concentrations Trend Analysis

  12. Emissions Data

  13. Satellite Image of the Granite City Monitor

  14. PM2.5 Speciation Monitor Locations

  15. Urban Vs. Rural Speciation Analysis

  16. Temporary Shutdown of U.S. Steel – Granite City

  17. Meteorological Data Evaluation (2010-2012) • Granite City (everyday sampler) • High PM2.5 episode days: Top 5 % days • Low PM2.5 days: Bottom 5 % days • Wind speed and direction from St. Louis Regional Airport in Cahokia, IL

  18. Granite City Wind Rose Data High PM2.5Episode Days • Low PM2.5Days Note: Charts indicate the direction wind is blowing from

  19. Geography/Topography and Jurisdictional Boundaries • Geography/topography not a big factor • Under the 1997 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS, St. Louis is a bi-state nonattainment area • Missouri has no authority to control Illinois sources and vice versa

  20. Other Considerations • Evaluation of existing and planned future controls • Review of photochemical modeling performed by EPA when developing the Federal Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)

  21. Existing and Planned Future Controls • Federal Transport Rules: Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) or replacement • Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standard (MATS) • Boiler Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Rules • Mobile Source Controls • Reformulated gasoline requirements, • Gateway Vehicle Inspection Program, • Federal emissions standards for on-road and non-road engines

  22. EPA’s CSAPR Modeling • Shows combined impact from Missouri statewide NOX and SO2 emissions of 1.223 µg/m3 on Granite City monitor’s annual average PM2.5 concentration • Suggests controlling 100% of Missouri statewide NOX and SO2 emissions is not enough to bring Granite City monitor into attainment (based on 2010-2012 design value)

  23. Conclusion • All Missouri PM2.5 monitors in compliance with 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS • Program analyzed contribution of Missouri sources to two violating monitors in Illinois • East St. Louis monitor expected to be in compliance based on 2011-2013 data • Nearby Illinois sources are primary contributors to Granite City violations • Missouri proposes to recommend all counties in the state be designated attainment/unclassifiable • EPA has the final decision on nonattainment boundaries (December 2014)

  24. Missouri’s complete proposed recommendation and technical support for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS can be found online:http://dnr.mo.gov/env/apcp/stateplanrevisions.htm Comments accepted through Nov. 29, 2013Mark Leath, P.E.Environmental EngineerMissouri DNR Air Pollution Control ProgramAir Quality Planning Sectionmark.leath@dnr.mo.gov

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