Skeletal System Disorders

1. Skeletal System Disorders

2. Osteomyelitis • Infection of the bone • Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury to bone

3. Joint Disorders

4. Arthritis • Inflammation of the joints = pain, stiffness, & swelling (over 100 different forms - most crippling disease in the U.S.) • Treatment may include: anti-inflammatory medication like aspirin, exercise to maintain joint mobility, rest during pain, heat for stiffness and/or cold for swelling

6. Osteoarthritis • Joint damage that occurs when articular cartilage softens & breaks down = pain, stiffness, & restricted movement • Causes include: aging, irritation, wear & abrasion of joints • Most common type of chronic arthritis • Frequently affects fingers, spine, knees & hips

7. Osteoarthritis

9. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Inflammation of the synovial membrane resulting in swollen, painful joints - muscle spasms, destruction of cartilage, and abnormal calcium deposits are features of this disease • Cause: autoimmune disorder • Affects 3x more women than men; usually begins between ages 40 - 50

10. Rheumatoid Arthritis

11. Gout • A very painful attack (inflammation) in a single joint, commonly the big toe • Cause: uric acid(waste product) is not properly metabolized & builds up in the blood - needle-shaped uric acid crystals are then deposited in a joint • Most common in males after age 30; hereditary link • Treatment: drugs, weight loss, diet low in nucleic acid and avoidance of alcohol

12. Gout

13. Dislocation • Bone is forced out of its proper position in a joint

14. Sprain • Tearing or straining of tendons and/or ligaments resulting in pain & swelling; heals slowly due to poor blood supply in tendons/ligaments • Treatment: RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression & Elevation

15. Sprain

16. Nutritional Disorders

17. Rickets • Cartilage does not ossify in children, resulting in soft bones which become bent and distorted • Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

18. Rickets

19. Osteomalacia • Adult bones demineralize resulting in bowed legs, flattened pelvis, and spinal deformity • Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

20. Osteoporosis • A loss in bone mass leading to thin, fragile bones - especially in the spine and femur • Cause: Aging, Gender(female), menopause (decreased estrogen), poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics, smoking • Treatment/Prevention: minimize risk of falls, slow down demineralization process, treat pain

21. Osteoporosis

22. Osteoporosis

24. Closed Fracture • Bone is broken but stays in place - does not penetrate the skin • A “clean break” • Also called a closed fracture

25. Closed Fracture

26. Compound Fracture • Broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and the skin • May result in severe bone infection (osteomyelitis) = massive doses of antibiotics • Also called an open fracture

27. Compound Fracture

28. Greenstick fracture • Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks • Common in children due to higher cartilage content

29. Greenstick fracture

30. Spinal Problems

31. Herniated discs • Discs dry and harden with age, which may cause them to protrude and press on the spinal cord or nerves; results in numbness & excruciating pain

32. Abnormal Spinal Curvatures • May be congenital (present at birth), or due to disease, poor posture, or unequal muscle pull on spine

33. Scoliosis • Lateral curvature of the spine

34. Kyphosis • Thoracic vertebrae curve outward “hunchback”

35. Lordosis • Lumbar vertebrae curve inward “swayback”

36. THE END!