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Agricultural Pathways to Improved Nutrition

Agricultural Pathways to Improved Nutrition. Prabhu Pingali Professor of Applied Economics & Director, Tata-Cornell Initiative for Agriculture & Nutrition, Cornell University. Katie Ricketts Research Associate, Tata-Cornell Initiative for Agriculture and Nutrition, Cornell University.

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Agricultural Pathways to Improved Nutrition

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  1. Agricultural Pathways to Improved Nutrition PrabhuPingali Professor of Applied Economics & Director, Tata-Cornell Initiative for Agriculture & Nutrition, Cornell University Katie Ricketts Research Associate, Tata-Cornell Initiative for Agriculture and Nutrition, Cornell University David Sahn International Professor of Economics in the Division of Nutritional Sciences & Department of Economics,Cornell University

  2. Nutrition-Agriculture Pathways • Household food access (quality, quantity and diversity) • Raising incomes • Ensuring market availability of low-cost nutritious food • Dietary diversity • Meeting individual dietary needs and ensuring nutrient absorption/utilization • Food choice and intra-household allocation • Good health and prevent infection • Also, look at reverse causality, between health and nutrition, and agricultural productivity.

  3. Malnutrition is multidimensional Focus on women and girls during childbearing years, and infants/young children: First 1,000 days from conception to 2 years old • in utero: prenatal care; nutrient/prenatal supplements; • ~ 6 months: promote exclusive breastfeeding • 6 -12 months: weaning; public health measures • water and sanitation; primary health care to avoid infection-nutrition interaction (e.g., bed nets, immunization, ORT) • education, women’s empowerment, and basic nutrition messaging • safety nets and cash and conditional transfers?? • low income elasticity of nutrition outcomes • possibly greater effect with conditionality, e.g., health care Overall, limited direct role of food systems -- largely through increased wealth, incomes and education

  4. …as well as other nutrition problems • Micronutrient deficiency • Nutrition and cognition • Emerging epidemic of chronic disease

  5. A FRAMEWORK FOR CONSIDERING POLICIES THAT LINK FOOD SYSTEMS AND AGRICULTURE TO NUTRITION OUTCOMES

  6. SUBSISTENCE SYSTEMS Much of Africa and other regions that missed out on the productivity, income, and food supply growth of the Green Revolution.

  7. INTENSIVE CEREAL CROP SYSTEMS Much of Asia and Latin America that experienced the productivity gains of the Green Revolution suffer from sustained poverty, malnutrition, poor market linkages, and lack of dietary and production diversity.

  8. COMMERCIAL/EXPORT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS COMMERCIAL/EXPORT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS High-growth export-driven countries in Latin America and Asia that have specializing farmers stillneed support transitioning to agriculture as a global/domestic business.

  9. Role of Health and Nutrition in Agricultural Development • For poorest populations in Africa and South Asia • Health and well-being in rural areas lag far behind urban areas • Productivity effects more serious where physical labor critical input • Women are particularly vulnerable • Employment patterns: • women play a predominant role in the production of food crops ; especially in Africa. • Biological vulnerabilities: • women have special vulnerabilities related to reproductive health and they are adversely affected by health and nutrition risks. • Life responsibilities: • women have a set of unique responsibilities in the home, particularly in terms of the care of children.

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