The Renaissance A time of change

1. 1400’s-1500’s The RenaissanceA time of change

2. End Medieval Europe End of 1300’s • Medieval Europe No strong kingdoms/ leader Bubonic Plague Killed 60 percent of population Hundred Years War (France vs England) Overall uncertainty Lack of Faith Death and Disease Few that survived celebrated life New appreciation for life

3. Medieval Church • Church Authority • The Catholic Church was the only Church in Western Europe. • The Bible was only to be read by Priests or Bishops. • Church services were only in the Latin Language. • Popes had great power

4. How did society and cities change in the 1300s? • Education became more important • era of Philosophers- • people wanted to understand the world • explain the unexplainable • seek answers: way NOT through only religion • Lost faith in religion • Specialization in agriculture increased • more trade- could go longer distances • (goods and transfer of ideas) • urban areas became centers of commerce • Merchants and artisans became important • rich was getting richer, poor getting poorer • more beggar's- illegal • more emphasis on money– • lead to more emphasis on goods/luxury • cities became displays of wealth ex- Italy.

5. Why in Italy at this Time? • Trade and town building • Legacy of the greek and roman empires • Bring back the good times • Inspiration! -death -bad experiences -happiness for surviving -ruins of the city -build upwards -competition for money/wealth was strong people took leisure time more seriously less time worshipping led to the arts

6. What is the Renaissance? • Renaissance means “rebirth” • Characteristics of the Renaissance • End of the Dark Ages (Medieval Ages) • Focus on individual achievement • Revival of interest in the arts and literature without influence of religion • Renewal of interest in education

7. Cosimo De Medici Wealthiest European! • Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy • presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe In Florence, Italy Became dictator Money= power Banking family Lorenzo the Magnificent (grandson) took over Supported the arts- Financially!

8. VENICE FLORENCE

9. Secular Shift Humanism • Created a division • Focused on “worldly” aspects, not spiritual • Separation of philosophy and religion • Shift away from Christianity • Intellectual movement that focused on human potential • Focus on HUMAN accomplishment • Focus away from religion • Ex: history, philosophy, poetry.. • Belief: enjoy life= doesn’t offend God • Emphasis luxuries, music, food… • Interest in ancient Greek, Roman culture • characteristics of good education • Curiosity about the world Humanism

10. The Renaissance Man and Woman • “universal man” – can do everything, worldly • Expected to contribute to society • Broad knowledge, educated • Additionally, highly skilled in one area or more • Charming, educated, sing, dance, create art…. Woman- less of an expectation • must be charming and entertaining • Educated enough to know the classics

11. In writing Artists Methods • Vernacular- portrayed individuality, self expression • Began to write in modern (Italian) instead of traditional (Latin) • Perspective- • three-dimensional objects on a flat surface • Realistic style- human bodies, expressions, natural looking • Subject matter changed; artists: paint, sculpt scenes from Greek, Roman myths not just religious. Changes in Styles and Techniques

12. More About Renaissance Art/Architecture Reflected the “feelings” “spirit” of the time. • Scenes were not just limited to religion- myths, nudes, nature, leaders, self-portrayals were popular subjects • Imitation of reality was key • “Personality” was present in the artwork • People looked up to artists -became cultural heroes

13. Patrons of the Arts Supporters of art Financially! Merchant class Wealthy class To “beautify” Italy Renaissance artists worked for whoever offered them the highest price

14. Donatello(1386-1466) Sculptures!

15. “Virgin with Child”

16. “Statue of David” King David from the Bible Freestanding Nude

17. “Lamentation over the Dead”

18. Leonardo daVinci (1452-1519) Painter, inventor, sculptor, scientist. Renaissance Man!

19. “The Mona Lisa” Thought behind her smile?

20. “The Last Supper” Expressions!

21. Leonardo’s Notebook

23. “The Flying Machine”

24. “Skeletons”

25. “War Machine”

26. Michelangelo (1475-1564) Renaissance Man

27. “The David”

28. “The Sistine Chapel” 1508 - 1512

29. Sistine Chapel Ceiling

30. Sistine Chapel Details “Creation of Man” “Creation of the Heavens”

31. Sistine Chapel Details – “The Last Judgment”

32. “The Pieta”

33. Raphael (1483-1520) Shows: Classical influence on the Renaissance Advanced realism

34. The School of Athens Da Vinci Zoroaster Raphael Michelangelo Ptolemy Euclid Pythagoras

35. “Leo X with Two Cardinals”

36. Dürer, AlbrechtSelf-Portrait at 281500Oil on panel Woodcuts & engravings Inspired in Germany from Italy (culture spreading) Classical myths Realistic landscapes

37. Albrecht DürerGerman, 1471 - 1528Portrait of a Clergyman 1516oil on parchment on fabricpainted surface The clergyman's ardor, spiritual zeal, and intense determination are communicated through the turn of the head, the fixed, staring eyes, and the tight, compressed lips.With great respect for reality, Dürer has recorded every detail of the man's appearance regardless of how small or unimportant it may be: the wrinkles and lines of the face, the individual strands of fine hair, the coarse skin texture, and even the reflection of window panes in the irises of the eyes.

42. Renaissance Writers • NiccoloMachiavelli Politician from Florence • “The Prince”-Handbook for political leaders • Do what is politically effective, not morally correct • cheat, lie, steal- deceitful actions for ones own advantage • States: most people are fickle, corrupt, selfish • Do whatever it takes to maintain power “It is better to be feared than loved” “The ends justify the means” “A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promise”

43. 1400’s-1500’s Renaissance spreads North! • Shakespeare • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgSIy_i8Xq4 • Plato • Thomas More • Christine de Pizan

44. The Globe Theater Shakespeare’s theater is located just outside of London, England.

45. Have you heard these phrases? • I couldn’t sleep a wink. • He was dead as a doornail. • She’s a tower of strength. • They hoodwinked us. • I’m green-eyed with jealousy. • We’d better lie low for awhile. • Keep a civil tongue in your head.