1 / 32

Preview

Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Formula Masses Molar Masses Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor Percentage Composition. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas. Chapter 7. Lesson Starter. The chemical formula for water is H 2 O.

nessa
Download Presentation

Preview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Preview • Lesson Starter • Objectives • Formula Masses • Molar Masses • Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor • Percentage Composition

  2. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Lesson Starter • The chemical formula for water is H2O. • How many atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are there in one water molecule? • How might you calculate the mass of a water molecule, given the atomic masses of hydrogen and oxygen? • In this section, you will learn how to carry out these and other calculations for any compound.

  3. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Objectives • Calculate the formula mass or molar mass of any given compound. • Use molar mass to convert between mass in grams and amount in moles of a chemical compound. • Calculate the number of molecules, formula units, or ions in a given molar amount of a chemical compound. • Calculate the percentage composition of a given chemical compound.

  4. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 • A chemical formula indicates: • the elements present in a compound • the relative number of atoms or ions of each element present in a compound • Chemical formulas also allow chemists to calculate a number of other characteristic values for a compound: • formula mass • molar mass • percentage composition

  5. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Formula Masses • The formula mass of any molecule, formula unit, or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula. • example: formula mass of water, H2O average atomic mass of H: 1.01 amu average atomic mass of O: 16.00 amu average mass of H2O molecule: 18.02 amu

  6. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Formula Masses • The mass of a water molecule can be referred to as a molecular mass. • The mass of one formula unit of an ionic compound, such as NaCl, is not a molecular mass. • The mass of any unit represented by a chemical formula (H2O, NaCl) can be referred to as the formula mass.

  7. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Formula Masses, continued Sample Problem F Find the formula mass of potassium chlorate, KClO3.

  8. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Formula Masses, continued Sample Problem F Solution The mass of a formula unit of KClO3 is found by adding the masses of one K atom, one Cl atom, and three O atoms. Atomic masses can be found in the periodic table in the back of your book. In your calculations, round each atomic mass to two decimal places.

  9. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Formula Masses, continued Sample Problem F Solution, continued formula mass of KClO3 = 122.55 amu

  10. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Masses • The molar mass of a substance is equal to the mass in grams of one mole, or approximately 6.022 × 1023 particles, of the substance. • example: the molar mass of pure calcium, Ca, is 40.08 g/mol because one mole of calcium atoms has a mass of 40.08 g. • The molar mass of a compound is calculated by adding the masses of the elements present in a mole of the molecules or formula units that make up the compound.

  11. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Masses, continued • One mole of water molecules contains exactly two moles of H atoms and one mole of O atoms. The molar mass of water is calculated as follows. molar mass of H2O molecule: 18.02 g/mol • A compound’s molar mass is numerically equal to its formula mass.

  12. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Calculating Molar Masses for Ionic Compounds

  13. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Masses, continued Sample Problem G What is the molar mass of barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2?

  14. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Masses, continued Sample Problem G Solution One mole of barium nitrate, contains one mole of Ba, two moles of N (1 × 2), and six moles of O (3 × 2). molar mass of Ba(NO3)2 = 261.35 g/mol

  15. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor • The molar mass of a compound can be used as a conversion factor to relate an amount in moles to a mass in grams for a given substance. • To convert moles to grams, multiply the amount in moles by the molar mass: Amount in moles × molar mass (g/mol) = mass in grams

  16. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Mole-Mass Calculations

  17. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem H What is the mass in grams of 2.50 mol of oxygen gas?

  18. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem H Solution Given:2.50 mol O2 Unknown:mass of O2 in grams Solution: moles O2 grams O2 amount of O2 (mol) × molar mass of O2 (g/mol) = mass of O2 (g)

  19. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem H Solution, continued Calculate the molar mass of O2. Use the molar mass of O2 to convert moles to mass.

  20. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Converting Between Amount in Moles and Number of Particles

  21. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem I Ibuprofen, C13H18O2, is the active ingredient in many nonprescription pain relievers. Its molar mass is 206.31 g/mol. • If the tablets in a bottle contain a total of 33 g of ibuprofen, how many moles of ibuprofen are in the bottle? • How many molecules of ibuprofen are in the bottle? • What is the total mass in grams of carbon in 33 g of ibuprofen?

  22. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem I Solution Given:33 g of C13H18O2 molar mass 206.31 g/mol Unknown: a.moles C13H18O2 b.molecules C13H18O2 c.total mass of C Solution:a. grams moles

  23. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem I Solution, continued b. moles molecules c. moles C13H18O2 moles C grams C

  24. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor, continued Sample Problem I Solution, continued a. b. c.

  25. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition • It is often useful to know the percentage by mass of a particular element in a chemical compound. • To find the mass percentage of an element in a compound, the following equation can be used. • The mass percentage of an element in a compound is the same regardless of the sample’s size.

  26. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition, continued • The percentage of an element in a compound can be calculated by determining how many grams of the element are present in one mole of the compound. • The percentage by mass of each element in a compound is known as the percentage compositionof the compound.

  27. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition of Iron Oxides

  28. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition Calculations

  29. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition, continued Sample Problem J Find the percentage composition of copper(I) sulfide, Cu2S.

  30. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition, continued Sample Problem J Solution Given:formula, Cu2S Unknown:percentage composition of Cu2S Solution: formula molar mass mass percentage of each element

  31. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition, continued Sample Problem J Solution, continued Molar mass of Cu2S = 159.2 g

  32. Section 3 Using Chemical Formulas Chapter 7 Percentage Composition, continued Sample Problem J Solution, continued

More Related