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French Revolution

French Revolution. The Three Estates. I. The clergy of the Roman Catholic Church form the 1 st Estate II. The Second Estate consist of rich Nobles , who own 20% of Land and pay no Taxes III. The other 98% of People make up the 3 rd Estate They are heavily Taxed and discontented.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution

  2. The Three Estates • I. The clergy of the Roman Catholic Church form the 1st Estate • II. The Second Estate consist of rich Nobles , who own 20% of Land and pay no Taxes • III. The other 98% of People make up the 3rd Estate They are heavily Taxed and discontented

  3. Problems arise • IV. New ideas about the power of the People take hold • V. Food Shortages, a harsh winter and government debt cause instability in France • VI. Louis XVI finally calls a meeting of the Estates General to deal with the crisis

  4. The Third Estate • VII. Third Estate delegates in the Estates-General demand more rights • VIII. In the first deliberate act of revolution, the Third Estate delegates vote to establish the National Assembly. • IX. Peasants overthrow the Bastille on July 14th 1789, and the Revolution begins in earnest

  5. The Revolution Begins • X.A senseless panic called the Great Fear leads to great destruction in the French countryside • XI. Women angered by the price of Bread march on Versailles and compel the royal family to move to Paris

  6. End of the Monarchy • The National Assembly sweeps away the Privileges of the Nobility and Clergy • Louis XVI is caught as he tries to flee from France • The Legislative assembly is given the power to create laws • Fearing the loss of their own positions, European monarchs support Louis XVI, and France declares war on Austria. • Louis XVI is imprisoned after a Parisian mob invades the royal palace

  7. Political crisis leads to revolt • The Great Fear • Inflamed by famine and rumors • Peasants fury unleashed on nobles • Paris Commune comes to power. • Factions compete to gain power. • Paris Commune mobilizes neighborhoods

  8.  The National Assembly acts -Special Privilege ends. • Nobles vote to end their own privileges. • Delegates abolish feudalism • Declaration of the Rights of Man • Modeled on the American Declaration of Independence. • Equal rights for women not granted • Women march on Versailles • Anger at Marie Antoinette’s extravagant lifestyle • Demand that the king return to Paris

  9. The National Assembly presses onward • The Church is placed under state control. • Civil Constitution ends papal authority and dissolves convents and monasteries. • Angry reaction by bishops, priests, pope, and French peasants. • The Constitution of 1791 establishes a new government. • Replaces absolute monarch with limited monarchy • Reflects enlightenment goals.

  10. Robespierre • Robespierre gains control of the Revolutionary Government. • Robespierre institutes the Reign of Terror, a time of thousands of arbitrary executions. • The Reign of Terror ends with the execution of Robespierre.

  11. The Rise of Napoleon • The third new constitution gives power to the upper middle class, and the government finds a new general, Napoleon Bonaparte, to lead the army • Napoleon wins key battles to save the French Republic • Napoleon seizes political control from the Directory

  12. Napoleon as Emperor • Napoleon’s successes in battle and diplomacy lead to peace in Europe. • Napoleon gains power; voters approve a fourth constitution • Napoleon gives France order and stability • Napoleonic code establishes a uniform set of laws in France • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of France

  13. Beginning of the End for Napoleon • Napoleon tries to expand his empire in the Americas but fails in Saint Domingue • The United States buys the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon • Napoleon conquers much of Europe, but his navy is defeated in the Battle of Trafalgar

  14. Napoleon’s Mistakes • 1st mistake • In a policy known as the Continental system, Napoleon unsuccessfully attempt to cut off trade between Great Britain & Main land Europe • 2nd mistake • The Peninsular War in Spain inflames Spanish nationalism and weakens France. Lost 300,000 men • 3rd mistake • The French invasion of Russia fails, with the terrible loss of life.

  15. The End of Napoleon • Austria, Russia, & Prussia unite against a weakened Napoleon • Napoleon surrenders and is banished to Elba • Napoleon escapes and briefly regains power (100 days) until he is defeated by British and Prussian forces at Waterloo

  16. Stability in Europe • Metternich influences European Rulers to restore stability to Europe • France is kept intact, and a balance of power is established in Europe • Under the Principle of legitimacy, rulers deposed by Napoleon are restored to power

  17. Peace in Europe? • The Congress of Vienna make fair settlements and produces a lasting peace • A series of alliances, called the Concert of Europe, allows nations to help one another in case of internal revolutions. • Nationalism grows, and democratic ideas begin to take hold in European Nations

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