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Brief Statements In this unit, we will do some listening, speaking, reading and writing practice. We will study the grammar item: the Subjunctive Mood. In the first period, you will improve your listening ability by listening to two dialogues and finishing the exercises in the listening part. We will read a notice about safety at home. From the notice you will know what you should do and shouldn’t do at home. Then with the help of the given useful expressions below the notice, you’ll be asked to make your own dialogues. We will also talk about first aid according to the pictures on the screen. I think you’ll be interested in the topic of this unit.
In the second period, you’ll not only improve your reading ability, but also learn some knowledge of first aid, which will be helpful in case of accidents in future. In the third period, you’ll improve your integrating skills by reading a passage about dealing with common injuries and writing a paragraph to explain what should be done in case of an accident. In the fourth period, we’ll learn some language points of this unit, some useful words and expressions. In the fifth period, we’ll learn the grammar item: the Subjunctive Mood.
What would you do in the a traffic accident? We should make sure that the accident scene is safe,and then find out how the people involved are injured. If there is more than one injured person, we should help the most seriously injured person first.It is important to help someone who isn’t moving and seems to be unconscious.An injured person who is screaming with pain may seem to need our help,too,but if a person is able to scream or ask for help, they are at least conscious.
What can we do to help the man? We should call for a doctor or an ambulance. Warning! • To prevent traffic accidents: • Follow the traffic rules and be attentive and careful. • Never use a cellphone while you are driving, riding a bike or walking on a busy street. • Use crosswalks and don’t walk on the street. • Never run in traffic.
What would you do in the situation? Drowning If a person has stopped breathing after falling into the water, we’d better press a hand on his chest many times, and then use the mouth- to-mouth method to start the person’s breathing again
If this is not done within five minutes, the person may die. • Warning! To prevent drowning: * Learn how to swim. * Never swim alone. * Don’t swim in dangerous waters.
What would you do when someone got burnt? When we see a house on fire and someone is burnt, we should call 119 first and tell them the exact address on the phone. And we should also call 120 to ask for an ambulance to help. If the person is badly burnt, or if a child has been burnt, we should do nothing but wait for the doctor.
If the person is not badly burnt, we can cool the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes and then put a piece of dry loose clean bandage over the area of burn. Warning! To prevent burns, we should not play with fire, be careful with gas and make sure that all the electric wires are safe. Don’t let children touch flames or hot liquids.
What would you do when someone is bleeding? We’d better try to stop the blood from bleeding. The same is true for cuts.If a person loses one third of his/her blood, he /she may die. If somebody is badly injured, we should not remove it until we get a doctor. If the wound is not serious, we can cover it with a loose clean bandage.
If a piece of glass or some other object is stuck in the wound, we should not remove it until we get to a doctor. If a person has cut off a finger or a toe, we should bring the severed digit to the hospital. • Warning! • To prevent bleeding and cuts: • Don’t play with knives or other sharp objects.
If a person is choking, we’d better not slap a person’s back. You can try to get out the thing in the mouth and clear the airway. If you are well trained in the first aid, we should perform the “Heimlich maneuver”.
It’s done by wrapping one’s arms around the victim’s waist, then making a fist and placing the thumb side of the fist against the victim’s upper abdomen ( below the ribs and above the navel ). Next, one grasps one’s fist with the other hand and presses into the upper abdomen with a quick push upwards. We should no t slap a person’s back, which may make things worse. • Warning! • To prevent choking: • Don’t eat too fast and don’t forget to chew your food. • Don’t talk while having food in the mouth.
Useful words to talk about accidents and first aid: drown, bleed, choke, traffic accidents, prevent, crash, fire, broken leg/arm, ambulance, breathe, move, conscious, unconscious, fall, fit, electric, electrical, calm, revive, scream,injure,bandage,chest and the words for various body parts and so on.
drown vt/vi. die in water. • bleed vi. lose blood. • choke vi/vt cause (sb) to stop breathing by • squeezing or blocking the windpipe. • 4. prevent vt. stop or hinder sb. /sth. • 5. ambulance n. closed vehicle for carrying people • who are ill,wounded in war or hurt in • accidents. • 6. conscious adj. aware; awake. • 7. revive vi,vt. come or bring back to consciousness • strength,health or an earlier state. • 8. scream vi,vt. (of human beings, birds, animals) • give a loud, sharp cry or cries of, or • as of, fear or pain. • 9. injure vt. hurt; damage. • 10. electric adj. using electrical power.
Dos • Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them. • If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly. • Make sure that everyone in your family knows how to call 110 and 120. • Learn more about first aid.
Don’ts • Don’t put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles. • Never leave small things a baby can put in its mouth on the floor or table. • Don’t play with electrical equipment. • Never use ladders on a wet floor.
Useful expressions • You should always… • You ought to… • You must … • You have to… • Make sure that… • You should not … • You should never … • You must never… • Never … • Please don’t …
Assignment • Read the questions in the quiz part and discuss your answer with your partners. • Learn the new words in the Reading part. • Preview the passage DR ABC.
1.A boy has been bitten by the dog. What should you do to help him? Wash the boy’s wound under running water and then take him to hospital. 2.Now, I’ll tell you what happened to me yesterday. When I was cooking, suddenly the pan of oil caught fire and my hand was burnt. What do you suggest I do? You can suggest me wash my hand under cold water for a moment until you feel better. Then I should cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth or loose clean bandage. If necessary I should go to see a doctor and get some medicine. 3. What should you do if someone has been poisoned? Maybe you’re not quiet sure. We haven’t learnt abort this by now. I think we should make the person spit out what he/she has had, or maybe we just call for a doctor.
Whiting What you are going to explain. What are the basic steps? How would you explain them? In which order should you explain them? What does the reader need to know or think about in order to perform the steps? The following information may help you. First, make sure that the accident scene is safe. Before you start giving first aid, you need to make sure that the accident scene is safe. Then, you must decide what to do. After giving first aid, you may place the person in the recovery position. Finally, you should keep the person warm.
Making a first-aid kit Do you know what a first aid kit it is? It is 急救箱 Do you know what we need to make one? bandages, a pair of scissors, a thermometer, a flashlight and a list of emergency phone numbers. Make sure that everyone in your family knows where the first-aid kit is and what they should do if an accident happens.
Summary and assignment Finish writing a paragraph to explain how to five first aid. we’ve also learnt how to make a first aid kit. When you go home, you can make one.
Subjunctive mood 1.If I had known more about giving first aid. I could have helped them. 2.If we were too panic, we could not be able to help. 3.If we were to get hurt trying to use someone, we would not be able to help.
Subjunctive mood 2.如果我们惊惶失措的话，我们就帮不上忙了。 3.如果我们救别人时自己受了伤，那就帮不上忙了。 The first sentence structure is: If sub. +had done…, sub + would have done. The second and the third sentence structure is: If +sub +were to…, sub +would (not) do…
Summary of the subjunctive mood 1.If I were you, I wouldn’t cheat in the exam. If I knew her name this time, I would tell you. 表示现在情况的虚拟条件句，纯假设或实现的可能不大，其谓语主要形式如下： 在句中动词be多用were这个形式
Summary of the subjunctive mood 2.If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句， 其谓语主要形式如下：
Summary of the subjunctive mood 3.If they were to/should act like that again, we should criticize them severely. If I got rich, I’d travel round the world. 表示将来情况的条件从句中，有时可用 “were to (should)+动词原形”
表示将来情况的条件从句中，有时可用“were to (should)+动词原形” Pay attention to the structure: were I /you/he/etc. If I /you/he etc. were If I/you/he/etc. should Should I/you/he/etc. If I /you/he/etc. had Had I/you/he/etc. 如果条件从句中包含一个助动词，情态动词，动词be或have，有时可把if省略掉，这时要把助动词，情态动词，动词be或have放在主语前。
1.If I were you, I wouldn’t cheat in the exam. Were I you, I wouldn’t cheat in the exam/ 2.If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
2.there’s another case you should pay attention to. • Sometimes, the if-clause and the main clause don’t • talk about events or situations happening at the same time. • In this case, the verb-form depends on its own meaning. • 有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间 • 不一致（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）这时 • 动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。 • If the weather had been more favorable, • the crops would begrowing still better. • 2) Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come • sooner last night. • 3)If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, • things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
Exercise 2 on page 62 • Join the pairs of sentences using the Subjunctive Mood. • Example: The house caught fire. • I did not turn off the electric heater. • If I had turned off the electric heater, the house would not have caught fire. • The old man died of a sudden heart attack./He was not sent to hospital in time. • If the old man had been sent to hospital in time, he wouldn’t have died of the sudden heart attack.
虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 1. verb-forms after “wish”. 1)I wish I were handsome. (I am not handsome) I wish you didn’t work so hard. (you work too much) 2)She wishes she hadn’t said it. (she said st. unpleasant.) 3)I wish you would shut up. (you will talk all the time) the verb-forms after “as if” or “as though” is the same as the verb-forms after “wish”. 1)I’ve loved you as if you were my daughter. 2)They talked as if they had been friends for years. 3)It seems as if it would rain. So after the words wish/as if, as though, we can the use past tense, past perfect tense or “would +an infinitive”
Wish/as if did • had done • would /should/might/could do • 2. let’s look at some other cases in which the subjunctive mood is used. • After the verbs order, command, insist, demand, desire, request, recommend, propose, suggest and other verbs with similar meaning followed by that-clause. • We insist (that) a meeting (should) be held as soon as possible. • They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country. • 2)In the Predicative clause or the Appositive clause after the nouns suggestion, order, proposal, advice, demand, request, requirement, etc.
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups. He made a suggestion that they (should) carry on their conversation in French. 3) In the construction “it is/was important/necessary/essential/suggested/requested/ordered etc +that-clause. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is requested that Miss Gao (should) give a performance at the party. 4)In the construction “it is (high) time that…” and after “would rather/prefer…etc” It’s time that we went to bed. I would rather he came next Saturday.
I would prefer you had seen the film. 5)In some expressions or sentences for blessing. Long live world peace! May the friendship between our two peoples last forever. Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 6)In some special cases: But for, without, in case, for fear that, so that, in order that… But for your help, we could not have finished the work in time. Without music, the world would be a dull place. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain. He put his coat over the child for fear that (lest) he should catch cold.
Here’s some money in case you should need it. She stayed at home for a few days so that she might (could) take care of her mother. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. Suppose /supposing it rained, we would still g
Unit 8 First aid Unit 4 Language points
Language points 1.Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them. Made sure=find out whether sth is definitely so, “弄清楚”，“核实或查明某事物，”常跟介词of, 构成make sure of sth/doing sth. You’d better make sure of the time and place. make sure 后还可以跟that引起的宾语从句。 Before you leave the lad make sure that the door is locked. Reach 够得着。 The apple is too high. I can’t reach it.
Language points 2. The question will also calm the person, letting him or her know that help is on the way. on the way: Christmas is on the way. The new machine you ordered is on the way. He is on the way to success/recovery/getting well. calm可以作形容词，“镇静的”，本句中已转为动词“ 使镇静，使沉着。 Just calm down a bit and everything will be all right.
Language points 3.Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries. Deal with作“处理”讲，如： How shall we deal with the problem?
Language points If the person is conscious and breathing. Mouth. He was in for days and he was I was conscious of being watched.
Words and expressions 1.Drown vt. 使淹死；淹没 He tried to drown her in a bathtub. The noise from the plane drowned (out) her voice. 常用于被动语态中：be/get drowned The streets got drowned by the floods. Her eyes were drowned in tears. vi. 溺死 The man drowned in the river. He fell from a bridge and drowned.
Words and expressions 2. Bleed vi. 出血；流血 The cut began to bleed. He was bleeding at/from the nose. My heart bleeds for the poor child.
Words and expressions 3. prevent vt. 防止；预防；阻止 We should do our best to prevent accidents. prevent one’s doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Nothing will prevent my marrying her. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out. What can we do to prevent this disease spreading?
Words and expressions 4. count vi. 有价值；重要 Every minute counts. Every penny counts. What counts is how much you have absorbed. Seconds count in an emergency.
