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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State

Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State. PowerPoint Slides for The American Pageant, 12 th Edition Constructed by Mr. Freccia. Why Bill of Rights?. All thirteen states had to ratify the Constitution Nine states needed to “reset” the country, canceling out the Articles of Confederation

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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State

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  1. Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State PowerPoint Slides for The American Pageant, 12th Edition Constructed by Mr. Freccia

  2. Why Bill of Rights? • All thirteen states had to ratify the Constitution • Nine states needed to “reset” the country, canceling out the Articles of Confederation • Conservative document that prevented the “mob” from controlling government • Was a surprise to the public

  3. Anti-Federalists States’ rights Backcountry dwellers Small farmers Debtors S. Adams, P. Henry, Richard Henry Lee Federalists Strong federal gov. Seaboard dwellers Wealthy and better educated Controlled the press (The Federalist Papers) G. Washington, B. Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, Jay Anti-Federalists vs. Federalists

  4. Election of 1789 • Electors cast two votes for President • Each elector selected Washington w/ at least one • NC and RI hadn’t ratified the Constitution • NY had problems deciding how electors would be chosen

  5. Executive Branch (1789-1796) • Cabinet not outlined in the Constitution – a “Washington Invention” • John Jay named 1st Chief Justice of the five member Supreme Court

  6. Congress at work… • James Madison sought to protect the Constitution and win over “the anti-Feds” • What he develops becomes known as the Bill of Rights (he is the “father of”) • One of the first acts done by the new Federal Government • Judiciary Act (1789) organizes the Supreme Court

  7. Alexander Hamilton • Not a “natural” citizen (born in the Caribbean) • Federalist / aide to Wash in AR • Arch rival: Jefferson • “Father of the National Debt” • Assumption fight and compromise • Debt was a “national blessing” • Bank of the United States

  8. National Debt structure Debt owed to Foreigners $11,710,000 Federal Debt $42,414,000 State Debt $21,500,000 Miscellaneous Revenue Customs Duties (tariffs) Excise Revenue (Whiskey, etc.)

  9. Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • PA farmers not happy with tariff • Launch an “insurrection” • Washington personally leads militia into PA to restore order (direct opposite of Shay’s Rebellion) • Represents peaceful dialogue over violence in order to change policy

  10. What caused parties to form? Foriegn Policy during the French Revolution!

  11. Democrat-Republicans States rights (local) Strict construction view Agriculture based Rule of the people Backed France Support in S and W Jefferson and Madison key supporters Federalists Federal rights Loose construction view Industrial based Avoid “mob” rule / elites Backed England Support in NE J. Adams and Hamilton key supporters Political Rivalries

  12. Washington’s Farewell Address Beware of entangling alliances… …because they will get us involved in other people’s wars.

  13. Rating the Presidents • More notable American rather than President • Extremely popular at the time • Sets the bar for what a Pres. does • Foreign policy of neutrality • Prevents a “backslide” of revolutionary ideals

  14. Election of 1796 • President and V.P. come from different parties for 1st time • MD split the vote between the two • Other candidates vote count not depicted

  15. President John Adams • Jay’s Treaty with England angers D-R and France. • Adams not well liked and comes to power in a very close, bitter election • Stuck between neo-Federalists led by Hamilton (not pro-British enough) and Jefferson’s D-R (anti-British) • France reacts by seizing American vessels at sea (300 by 1797)

  16. Quasi-War w/ France (1798-1800) • John Marshall is sent to France to negotiate w/ Talleyrand But before they meet... Y Z X

  17. Quasi-War brought to you by the letters X, Y, and Z • They ask for a $250,000 bribe just to talk to Talleyrand • Marshall refuses and returns to America • “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” • Adams avoids war by appealing to new French ruler Napoleon • Convention of 1800 = “divorce” w/ Fr.

  18. Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists during war fervor pass laws to silence the opposition (D-R) • Alien Act • Naturalization from 5 to 14 yrs • President can jail or deport in time of war • Sedition Act • Impeding policies of the government = jail • Attacking officials in press = jail and fine

  19. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Reaction to the Alien and Sedition Acts • Jefferson writes for Kentucky • Madison writes for Virginia • Develops the idea of “nullification” • The States have the right to ignore laws that the Federal Government “oversteps it’s authority on” • Constitutional issues were later a right the Supreme Court “adopts” in 1803.

  20. Rating the Presidents • More notable American rather than President • Extremely disliked at the time / abrasive personality • Doesn’t get caught up in war fever and does what was best for the country • Splits his party and loses in close election to Jefferson

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