D ANIELA B ENEDIKOVÁ benedikova@vurv.sk

1. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Result of Slovak Apricot Breeding Programm for Growing production DANIELA BENEDIKOVÁ benedikova@vurv.sk

2. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Poland Czech Republic Ukraine Hungary Austria

3. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY ORCHARDS COMPOSITION GLOBALLY 9 272,56 ha Apple 4 972 ha Peaches 950 ha Pear 239 ha Apricot 388 ha Plums 752 ha Cherry 515 ha Small fruits 995 ha Others 461 ha

4. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Orchards inSR GLOBALLY 9 272,56 ha Intensive 6 283,51 ha Extensive 2 989,04 ha APRICOTS388,82 ha i. e. 4,19 % Produce high variability 1,5 t.ha-1 till 3 – 5 t.ha-1

5. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Availability zone for apricotgrowing

6. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Breeders aims FRUIT APPEARANCE - size, attractiveness FRUIT QUALITY- flesh consistence, firmness,juiciness, sugar content, aroma RIPENINIG TIME - very early, very late RESISTANCE - frost, disease (PPV, Gnomonia...)

7. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY History of breeding program • I. period 1964-1975 mother cultivars: Hungarian Best, Ananas,Rakovskeho, Urozajnyj, Julskij, local types father cultivars: Achrori, Arzami, Zard, Hindukush,Chinese local types • II. period 1976-1987 mother cultivars: VS 27/8, VS 9/83, VS 51/4, VS 25/38, VS 74/14, VS 09/12, Veecot, Sunglo, Goldcot, Kesh Pchar, Hungarian Best father cultivars:Veecot,Goldcot, NJA 44, Sunglo, Tirziu de Bucuresti • III. period 1988-2007 mother cultivars: Vesna, Vegama, Veharda, Veselka father cultivars: Goldcot, SEO, Henderson,Harlayne, Stela,Screara

8. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Donors of properties: • frost tolerance: Achrori, Arzami, Zard • disease resistance: SEO, Dacia, Henderson, Harlayne, Stela, Screara, Chinese local types • extended blossoming period: Ananasova • extended ripening period: Ruzova skora,Kech Pchar,Vynoslivyj, NJA hybrids • Fruitquality: Hungarian Best,Bergeron,Hargrand,Chinese local types

9. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY FRUIT EVALUATION • Phenological and morphological descriptions • Apricot Descriptor list IPGRI • Morphological evaluation • Sample 30 fruit, weight, size, colour,flavour taste, juiciness, skin, red face, stone separation .....

10. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY APRICOTDESCRIPTORS Fruit size: Extremely small < 20gEarly Samarkand Very small 20 - 30g Haggith Small 31 - 40 gPrecoce Gialla, Blanca de Murcia Small / medium 41 - 45 gHatif Colomer Medium 46 – 55gHarglow, Harogem Medium /large 56 - 60g Canino, Harcot Large 61 - 70 gLuizet, Goldrich, Harlayne Very large 71 - 85g Orangered Extremely large >85 gHargrand, Pincot, Silvercot

11. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY APRICOTDESCRIPTORS Firmness of flesh: EXTREMELY SOFT Zerdeli, Viceroy SOFT Canino, Goldcot MEDIUMRouge de Roussillon, Hungarian Best FIRMBergeron, Palsteyn EXTREMELY FIRMHarogem, Čačak gold

12. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY SLOVAK ASSORTMENT SMALL FRUIT 31-40 g Karola, Kráska, Ledana, Leskora, Lejuna, Veecot, Vemina, Aurora, Goldcot SMALL/MEDIUM 41-50 g Vegama, Veharda, Velbora, Leala, Lebela MEDIUM/LARGE 51-60 g Barbora, Bergeron, Hungarian Best, Legolda, Ligeti Óriás, Velita, Vesna, Velkopavlovická, Hargrand LARGE/VERY LARGE 61 g and more Veselka, Vestar, Vesprima, Pincot, Silvercot, Orangered, Goldrich, Harcot, Harogem

13. S C P V SLOVENSKÉ CENTRUM POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKEHO VÝSKUMU VÝSKUMNÝ ÚSTAV RASTLINNEJ VÝROBY PIEŠŤANY SLOVAK APRICOT CULTIVARS

14. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY V E S N A

15. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VESNA Origin: ´Hungarian Best´ x ´Achrori´, ´Arzami´, ´Zard´, Fruit: ripening very early (10 July), very large fruit, weight 65 g, shape spherical, soft firm fruit with good transportability, skin yellow with attractive darkred face, flesh light yellow, flavour very good. Tree with very good healthy status of leaves and branches. General evaluation:Dessert cultivar, very early ripening, attractive large fruitvery good flavour. Good levelof field resistanceto Gnomonia erythrostoma.

16. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY V E S E L K A

17. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VESELKA ® Origin: ´Vesna´ x ´Vegama´, Fruit: ripening very early (10 July), very large fruit, weight 65 g, shape spherical, firm fruit good transportability, skin dark orange with attractive darkred face, flesh light orange, flavour very good. General evaluation: Dessert cultivar, very early ripening, spurs type growth, attractive large fruit, and very good flavour.

18. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY V E H A R D A

19. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VEHARDA ® Origin: ´Julskij´ x ´Hungarian Best´ Fruit: ripening end of July, large fruit, weight 50 g,shape circular, colour of skin orange,flesh orange, flavour very good, harmonic aromatic. General evaluation: Universal apricot cultivar, mainlyfor processing, very good transportability of fruits.good flavour, resistance to PPV – M.

20. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY B A R B O R A

21. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY BARBORA Origin: ´Hungarian Best´ x ´Achrori´, ´Arzami´, ´Zard´, Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit weight 56 g, shape rounded, skin orange with attractive light redface, flash of fruit orange, flavour very good. General evaluation: Dessert cultivar, middle ripening, attractive large fruit very good flavour. They have not special request for growing.

22. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VELITA

23. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VELITA ® Origin:´Hungarian Best´x‘Achrori’, ‘Arzami’,‘Zard’ Fruit: ripening very early (7 July), large fruit, weight 56 g. Shape flat elongate, skin light orange with dark redface, firm flesh, light orange, good flavour, harmonic. General evaluation: Very early cultivar with large attractive fruit and regular yields.

24. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY V E M I N A

25. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VEMINA ® Origin: ´Rakovsky´ x‘Achrori’, ‘Arzami’, ‘Zard’ Fruit : ripening late, (27 July), large fruit, weight 50 g,shape spherical, very firm fruit, very goodtransportability, skin dark orange with attractive dark red face, high shine, flesh dark orange, flavour good,aromatic. General evaluation: Universal apricot cultivar, mainly for processing, attractive appearance of fruit, very good flavour, resistance to PPV - M

26. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY V E S T A R

27. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VESTAR ® Origin: ´Hungarian Best´ x´ China landraces´ Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit, weight 55 g,shape circular, colour of skin dark orange with attractivered face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic. General evaluation: Attractive dessert cultivar with low density of crown and very good transportability of fruits.

28. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY CONCLUSION • 600 parent’s combination was realised • 10 000 seedlings obtained ain orchards • 10 registered cultivars:Vesna,Vegama,Veharda, Velbora, Vemina,Velita,Vesprima,Barbora,Vestar, Veselka • Frost hardiness: Vehardalater beginning of flowering Vegama prolongation of flowering and gradualblooming • Resistance to PPV M strain: Veharda,Vemina • High fruit quality:Vesna,Vestar,Veselka • Good transportability:Veharda,Vemina

29. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY Assortment growing in Europe

30. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY B E R G E R O N

31. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY BERGERON Origin: old French variety Fruit: ripening begin of August, large fruit weight 55 g,shape circular, colour of skin orange with bright red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic proportion of sugar and acid. General evaluation: Attractive dessert cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit.

32. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY G O L D R I CH

33. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY GOLDRICH Origin: the U.S.A. Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit, weight 60-70 g, oval shape, colour of skin dark orange with bright attractive red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic proportion of sugar and acid. General evaluation: Cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit, resistant to frost, self sterile.

34. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY V E E C O T

35. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY VEECOT Origin: Canadian cultivar Fruit: ripening end of July, middle large fruit, weight 50 g, oval shape, colour of skin dark orange with small red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic proportion of sugar and acid. General evaluation: Cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit, but mainly for canning.

36. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY G O L D C O T

37. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY GOLDCOT Origin: the U.S.A. Fruit: ripening end of July, middle large fruit, weight 50g, oval shape, colour of skin dark orange with bright attractive red face, flesh dark orange, flavour good. Crow of tree with intensive growth. General evaluation: Cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit, resistant to frost, sensitive to Monilinia laxa.

38. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY O R A N G E R E D

39. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY ORANGERED ® Origin: the U.S.A. Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit, weight 65 g,shape circular, colour of skin dark orange with attractivered face, firm, dark orange flesh, flavourvery good, harmonic. General evaluation: Very attractive dessert cultivar for universal utilisation.

40. S C P V SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION PIEŠŤANY THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION