1 / 35

Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on the respiratory organs function

Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on the respiratory organs function. Bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is a disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli. Bronchial asthma (cont’d). Antiasthmatic Drugs. Bronchodilators β receptor agonists

nburns
Download Presentation

Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on the respiratory organs function

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on the respiratory organs function

  2. Bronchial asthma Bronchial asthma is a disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli.

  3. Bronchial asthma (cont’d)

  4. Antiasthmatic Drugs • Bronchodilators • β receptor agonists • Theophylline • Muscarinic antagonists • Anti-inflammatory agents • Steroids • Anti-leukotriene agents • Anti-allergic agents • Stabilizer of inflammatory cell membrane • H1 receptor blocker

  5. intermediate- acting long-acting Beta Adrenoceptor Agonists • Adrenaline: α,β agonist • Ephedrine: α,β agonist • Isoprenaline：β1 ,β2 agonist • β2-selective agonists • Salbutamol: • Terbutaline : • Clenbuterol: • Formoterol: • Salmeterol: • Bambuterol:

  6. BRONCHODILATORS

  7. •  Salmeterol is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing.  •  Salmeterol inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks. It will not treat an asthma attack that has already begun. Salmeterol inhalation is also used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.  •  Salmeterol inhalation may also be used for conditions other than those listed inthis medication guide.

  8. Adverse Reactions of β2 agonists: • Skeletal muscle tremor • Cardiac effect: tachycardia, arrhymias • Metabolism disturbance: ketone bodies↑, acidosis, [K+]o↓

  9. BRONCHODILATORS • Theophylline

  10. Theophylline • Methylxanthine derivatives. • Mechanism of Action:

  11. Clinical Use: • Asthma: maintenance treatment • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • Central sleep apnea (CSA) • Adverse Reactions: • Narrow margin of safety. Toxic effects are related to its plasma concentrations. • Gastrointestinal distress, tremor, and insomnia. • Cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions → lethal.

  12. Muscarinic Antagonists

  13. BRONCHODILATORS

  14. Anticholinergic Drugs

  15. Anti-inflammatory Agents

  16. Anti-allergic Agents • Madiators release inhibitors. • No bronchodialator action but can prevent bronchoconstriction caused by a challenge with antigen to which the patient is allergic.

  17. The Cromones: Cromolyn & Nedocromil

  18. Ketotifen • H1 receptor blocker. • Prevent and inverse down-regulation of β2-receptor.

  19. Anti-leukotriene agents

  20. Common agents: • zafirlukast and montelukast: LTD4-receptor antagonists • zileuton: 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

  21. Glucocorticoids (GCs)

  22. Corticosteroids

  23. Routes of administration: • Systemic administration: including oral and injection. More severe toxicity. • Inhalation: • Common inhalant GCs: • FP, BDP, BUD, TAA, FNS

  24. Corticosteroids

  25. Step-wise approach to the treatment of asthma according to recent guidelines. LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; SR, slow release. The dose of inhaled corticosteroids refers to beclomethasone dipropionate

More Related