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Types of Periodic Trends

Types of Periodic Trends. 5 Periodic Trends Atomic Radii (AR) Ionization Energy (IE) Electronegativity (EN) Ionic Radii (IR) Metallic Charateristic (MC). Columbic Force. Columbic Force (CF) (explanation for Periodic Trends) Opposite Charged Particles – Attract

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Types of Periodic Trends

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  1. Types of Periodic Trends • 5 Periodic Trends • Atomic Radii (AR) • Ionization Energy (IE) • Electronegativity (EN) • Ionic Radii (IR) • Metallic Charateristic (MC)

  2. Columbic Force • Columbic Force (CF) (explanation for Periodic Trends) • Opposite Charged Particles – Attract • Same Charged Particles – Repel • F = (Q1*Q2)/r • Q1 – charge on particle 1 (nucleus “+” charge) • Q2 – charge on particle 2 (valence e, “-” charge) • r – distance between particles

  3. Columbic Force – Periodic Trend • Periodic Trend for Columbic Force (CF) • Down a Group: • Trend: • Reason: • Across a Period: • Trend: • Reason:

  4. 6.3 Trends in Atomic Size • The atomic radius is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.

  5. 6.3 Trends in Atomic Size

  6. 6.3 Trends in Atomic Size

  7. Atomic Radii (AR) Periodic Trend • Periodic Trend for Atomic Radii (AR) • Down a Group: • Trend: • Reason: • Across a Period: • Trend: • Reason:

  8. 6.3 Trends in Ionization Energy • Ionization Energy (IE) - The energy required to remove the first valence electron from an atom (atom is in the gas phase). • What is holding the valence electron to the atom? • Valence electron tightly held or loosely?

  9. 6.3 Trends in Ionization Energy

  10. 6.3 Trends in Ionization Energy

  11. 6.3 Trends in Ionization Energy

  12. Ionization Energy (IE) Periodic Trend • Periodic Trend for Ionization Energy (IE) • Down a Group: • Trend: • Reason: • Across a Period: • Trend: • Reason:

  13. Ionization Energy (IE) Periodic Trends • Two Exception to 1st Ionization Energy (IE) (Across the Period): • 1. Be  B • Trend: • Reason: • 2. N  O • Trend: • Reason:

  14. 6.3 Trends in Electronegativity • Trends in Electronegativity • Electronegativity is the ability of an atom, in a chemical bond, to attract the shared valence electrons to itself. (i.e. the shared valence electrons are physically closer to the higher EN value atom than the other atom in the chemical bond). • What EN really means? • Fluorine?

  15. 6.3 Trends in Electronegativity • Representative Elements in Groups 1A through 7A

  16. Electronegativity (EN) Periodic Trend • Periodic Trend for Electronegativity (EN) • Down a Group: • Trend: • Reason: • Across a Period: • Trend: • Reason:

  17. 6.3 Ions An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge. • A cation is an ion with a positive charge. • An anion is an ion with a negative charge.

  18. 6.3 Ions • Metals elements lose valence electrons to form cation ions. Cation radii (IR) are always smaller than atomic radii (AR) [i.e. IR < AR]

  19. 6.3 Ions • Non-metal elements gain valence electrons to form anion ions. Anion radii (IR) are always larger than atomic radii (AR) [i.e. IR > AR]

  20. 6.3 Trends in Ionic Size • Relative Sizes of Some Atoms and Ions

  21. 6.3 Trends in Ionic Size • Trends in Ionic Size Size generally increases

  22. Ionic Radii Periodic Trend • Periodic Trend for Ionic Radii (IR) • Down a Group: • Trend: • Reason: • Across a Period: Metals large  small, then Non-metal large  small (Caution: Are not looking at same charge ion when across period) • Metals: IR vs. AR : • Reason: • Non-metals: IR vs. AR : • Reason:

  23. Metallic Characteristics Periodic Trend • Definition of Metals • Composed of cations in a “sea” of free flowing valence electrons. • Properties – Good Electrical Conductor • Properties – Good Heat Conductor • Properties – Malleable & Ductile • Periodic Trends (Metallic Characterstic)

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