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Biological Classification and Kingdoms

Learn about Aristotle's groups, Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature, and the various kingdoms in biological classification, including Bacteria, Protistia, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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Biological Classification and Kingdoms

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  1. OBJECTIVE 4.0

  2. GENERAL INFORMATION • ARISTOTLE- TWO GROUPS: LIVING / NONLIVING • LINNAEUS- GAVE TWO PART SCIENTIFIC NAME A. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE=“TWO NAMES” B. BASED ON OBSERVABLE TRAITS

  3. 3. SCIENTIFIC NAME= A. GENUS (CAPITALIZED) AND SPECIES (NO CAPS) 4. TWO WAYS TO DEAL WITH GROUPING- A. CLASSIFICATION= ARRANGING INTO GROUPS BASED ON SIMILARITIES

  4. B. TAXONOMY= THE “SCIENCE” OF NAMING AND CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS 5. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE= A WAY FOR ALL SCIENTISTS TO KNOW WHAT ORGANISM IS BEING DISCUSSED A. USE THE SCIENTIFIC NAME (Genus species)

  5. 6. CLASSIFICATION= A. DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES (Did King Phillip Call Out For Great Spaghetti) b. 6 KINGDOMS BASED ON:CELL TYPE, ABILITY TO MAKE FOOD, AND NUMBER OF BODY CELLS

  6. 7. BACTERIA- BOTH TYPES A. PROKARYOTES (NO NUCLEUS) B. EXTREMELY SMALL C. SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS D. 2 GROUPS= ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA

  7. 8. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA - LIVES IN “EXTREME” ENVIRONMENTS (TOO HOT,TOO COLD,TOO SALTY) • MEANS “ANCIENT BACTERIA”

  8. 9. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA • PRODUCERS= HAVE CHLOROPHYLL TO “PRODUCE” FOOD • DECOMPOSERS= BREAK DOWN DEAD / DECAYING ORGANISMS • PARASITES= HARM THE ORGANISM (HOST) THEY LIVE IN • HELPFUL= NITROGEN FIXING • PATHOGEN (HARMFUL)= CAUSE A DISEASE

  9. 10. KINGDOM PROTISTIA - SINGLE CELLED OR SIMPLE MULTICELLULAR • EUKARYOTE (DO HAVE NUCLEUS) • THREE GROUPS= FUNGUS-LIKE, ANIMAL-LIKE, AND PLANT-LIKE 11. FUNGUS-LIKE: A. HETEROTROPHS (CAN NOT MAKE FOOD)

  10. B. HAVE CELL WALLS C. USE SPORES TO REPRODUCE D. EXAMPLE= SLIME MOLD: BRILLIANT COLORS, START SMALL BUT GET LARGE, AND MOVE

  11. 12. ANIMAL-LIKE: A. HETEROTROPHS B. MOST MOVE TO GET FOOD C. PROTOZOA= UNICELLULAR D. EXAMPLE= AMOEBA:MOVE WITH PSEUDOPODS “FALSE FEET” OR A TEMPORARY BULGE IN THE CELL

  12. PARAMECIUM:MOVE WITH CILIA OR HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS 13. PLANT-LIKE (ALGAE): A. AUTOTROPHS (MAKE OWN FOOD) B. MAKE MOST OXYGEN IN ATMOSPHERE C. UNICELLULAR D. VARRIOUS COLORS

  13. E. EXAMPLE= EUGLENA: MOSTLY IN FRESH WATER, MOVE WITH FLAGELLA (LONG WHIP-LIKE TAIL), EYESPOT WITH PIGMENT TO SENSE LIGHT

  14. 14. KINGDOM FUNGI A. EUKARYOTES WITH CELL WALLS BUT NO CHLOROPLASTS B. HETEROTROPHS (ABSORB FOOD) C. USE SPORES TO REPRODUCE D. DECOMPOSERS E. HYPHAE= BRANCHING THREAD- LIKE TUBES THAT MAKE UP THE BODY (TIGHTLY PACKED)

  15. F. MYCILIUM= UNDERGROUND HYPHAE (LOOSELY PACKED) G. REPRODUCE WITH SPORES= TINY CELL THAT IS ABLE TO GROW INTO A NEW ORGANISM H. COMPLEX MULTICELLULAR EXCEPT YEAST CELLS (THEY ARE SINGLE CELLED)

  16. I. NONMOVERS J. EXAMPLES: MUSHROOMS- GOOD TO EAT (CLUB FUNGI) MOLDS- USED IN SOME FOODS (ZYGOTE FUNGI) YEAST- USE TO MAKE BREAD (SAC FUNGI)

  17. L. LICHEN= A FUNGUS AND AN ALGAE OR A FUNGUS AND AN AUTROTROPHIC BACTERIA THAT LIVE TOGETHER - “PIONEER ORGANISM” BECAUSE THEY COME UP FIRST IN A NEW AREA

  18. 15. KINGDOM PLANTAE A. MULTICELLULAR B. EUKARYOTES THAT MAKE FOOD MOSTLY BY PHOTOSYNETHESIS C. DIVIDED INTO DIVISION NOT PHYLA D. AUTOTROPHS (MAKE FOOD) “SELF- FEEDERS” E. HETEROTROPHS(GET FOOD) “OTHER FEEDERS”

  19. F. PRODUCERS= AUTOTROPHS G. CONSUMERS= HETEROTROPHS H. PHOTOSYNTHESIS= A PROCESS WHERE A CELL CAPTURES ENERGY FROM THE SUN AND USES IT TO MAKE FOOD CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + LIGHT ENERGY = GLUCOSE + WATER

  20. 16. KINGDOM ANIMALIA A. MULTICELLULAR B. REPRODUCE SEXUALLY OR ASEXULALLY C. DISTINCT BODY PARTS THAT DO DIFFERENT THINGS D. THEY MOVE E. CAN NOT MAKE OWN FOOD

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