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Chapter 4: Input and Output

Chapter 4: Input and Output. Learning Objectives. Explain the purpose of a computer keyboard and the types of keyboards widely used today. List several different pointing devices and describe their functions.

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Chapter 4: Input and Output

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  1. Chapter 4: Input and Output

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain the purpose of a computer keyboard and the types of keyboards widely used today. • List several different pointing devices and describe their functions. • Describe the purposes of scanners and readers and list some types of scanners and readers in use today. • Explain what digital cameras are and how they are used today. • Understand the devices that can be used for audio input. • Describe the characteristics of a display device and explain some of the technologies used to display images. • List several types of printers and explain their function. • Identify the hardware devices typically used for audio output. 2 Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  3. Keyboards • Keyboard • An input device used to enter characters at the location marked by the insertion point or cursor • Can be wired or wireless • Most computers today are designed to be used with a keyboard • Typically contains: • Standard alphanumeric keys • Numeric keypad • Function keys • Delete and Backspace keys • Control and Alternate keys • Arrow directional keys and special keys Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  4. Keyboards Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  5. Keyboards • Portable computers and mobile devices often use: • Built in or slide-out keyboard • Pen or touch input (on-screen keyboard) • Keyboard dock Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  6. Pointing and Touch Devices • Pointing Devices are used to: • Select and manipulate objects • Input data • Issue commands to the computer • Common Types of Pointing Devices: • Mouse • Pen/stylus • Touch screen Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  7. Pointing and Touch Devices • Mice • Mouse • Common pointing device that the user slides along a flat surface to move a pointer around the screen and clicks its buttons to make selections • Older mechanical mice use a ball • Optical or laser mice track with light • 3D mice • Can be wireless Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  8. Pointing and Touch Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  9. Pointing and Touch Devices • Pens/Styluses • Stylus • Pen-like device used to draw or write electronically on the screen • Also called digital pen, electronic pen, tablet pen • Pen input is being used for • Photography, graphic design, animation • Industrial design, document processing, and healthcare applications • Issuing commands and inputting data Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  10. Pointing and Touch Devices • Pen-Based Computers • Pen input used with mobile devices and tablet computers • Used to input handwritten text and sketches and to manipulate text • If handwriting recognition is used, written text can be converted to editable typed text Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  11. Pointing and Touch Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  12. Pointing and Touch Devices • Digital Writing Systems • Pen-based systems that capture handwritten input as it is being written • Requires special paper with a grid of dots • Handwritten input can be transferred to computer • Graphics Tablets • Pen tablets or digitizing devices • Flat, touch sensitive tablet typically connected to computer using a USB port Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  13. Pointing and Touch Devices • Signature Capture Devices • Found at check out counters to record customer signatures Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  14. Pointing and Touch Devices • Touch Screens • Display devices that are touched with the finger to select commands or otherwise provide input to the computer • Used with: • Desktop and portable computers • Mobile phones and other mobile devices • Surface computing • Multi-touch input from multiple users and object recognition • Consumer kiosks and Point-of-Sale systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  15. Pointing and Touch Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  16. Pointing and Touch Devices • Other Pointing Devices • Joysticks, gamepads, and other gaming devices • Trackballs • Buttons and wheels • Touch pads Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  17. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Source Documents • Containing data that already exists in physical form (order form, photograph, invoice, check, or price label) • Source Data Automation • Captures data directly from a source document • Saves time • Increases accuracy • Utilizes scanning or reading devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  18. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Scanners (Optical Scanners) • Input devices that capture an image of an object and transfers it to a computer in digital form • Can scan photos, documents, drawings(flat objects) • Data is typically input as a single image • If optical character recognition (OCR) is used, text is input as individual text characters • Types of scanners • Flatbed • Portable • 3D • Integrated (ATMs, etc.) Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  19. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  20. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Scanning Quality and Resolution • Quality of scanned images indicated by optical resolution • Measured in number of dots per inch (dpi) • Can often be specified when image is scanned • Can be changed when scanned image is edited • Varies with scanner used • Higher resolution means betterquality but larger file size Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  21. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Readers • Barcode Readers • Input devices that read barcodes • Barcodes • Machine-readable codes that represent data as a set of bars • Common Types • Universal Product Code (UPC) • ISBN • Code 39 – nonfood use • Intelligent mail barcode – US Postal Service • Two Dimensional 2D (QR) – stores more data Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  22. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  23. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  24. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Readers • Technology used to store and transmit data located in RFID tags • RFID tags contain tiny chips and radio antennas • Attached to objects for identification purposes • Read by RFID readers • Tags only need to be within range of the reader, rather than in the line of sight Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  25. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Applications • Tracking inventory and assets • Electronic tolls • Tracking patients in hospitals • Ticketing applications • Security: Speeding up ID process • Types of RFID Readers • Handheld • Portal • Stationary • Slow to catch on in retail industry due to privacy and security issues Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  26. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  27. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Optical Mark Readers (OMRs) • Input data from special forms to score or tally exams, questionnaires, ballots • Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Devices • OCR is the ability of a computer to recognize scanned text characters and convert them to electronic form as text, not images • OCR readers can recognize many different types of printed characters • Used to process turnaround documents like monthly bills Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  28. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  29. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Readers • Also called check scanners • Used primarily for banking • Read the special magnetic characters printed at the bottom of checks • High volume readers sort and process deposited checks • Used to facilitate remote deposits and electronic check processing Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  30. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Biometric Readers • Used to input biometric data--science of identifying individuals based on measurable biological characteristics • Fingerprint, hand or face geometry, voice or signature • Can be stand-alone or built into another piece of hardware • Used to allow access only by authorized individuals • Most often used for access control, to verify transactions, and to authorize electronic payments Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  31. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  32. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Digital Cameras • Record images on digital storage medium rather than film • Can either be still cameras or video cameras • Integrated into many portable computers and mobile phones. • Digital Still Cameras • Available in a wide variety of sizes and capabilities • Primary appeal is images are immediately available • Camera quality is measured in megapixels • Typically use flash memory for storage • Camera phones can be used to read barcodes, for mobile deposit, etc. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  33. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  34. Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras • Digital Video Cameras • Digital camcorders, PC video cameras (PC cams, Web cams) • Built-in or stand alone • Store images on digital media (flash memory, DVDs, hard drives, etc.) • Applications • Surveillance video cameras • Video conferences and Webinars • Face recognition systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  35. Audio Input • Voice Input and Speech Recognition Systems • Audio Input • The process of entering audio data into the computer • Voice Input • Inputting spoken words and converting them to digital form via microphone or headset • Recorded for narrations, podcasts, etc. • VoIP (Voice over IP systems) applications • Provides spoken instructions to computer when used with speech recognition systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  36. Audio Input Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  37. Audio Input • Music Input Systems • Used to input music • Existing music can be input using CDs or a Web download • For original compositions, microphones and keyboard controllers (piano keyboards) can be connected to a computer Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  38. Display Devices • Display Device • Presents output visually on some type of screen • Monitor • Display device for a desktop computer • Display Screen • Screen built into a variety of devices • Notebook and other portable computers • Mobile phones and mobile devices • Handheld gaming devices, home entertainment devices, kitchen appliances • Digital photo frames, e-book readers • Digital signage systems, digital billboards Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  39. Display Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  40. Display Devices • Display Device Characteristics • Color vs. Monochrome Displays • Images are formed using pixels • Most displays today are color displays • CRT vs. Flat-Panel Displays • Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays are large, bulky, and heavy • Flat-panel displays take up less desk space and use less power than CRTs Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  41. Display Devices • Size and Aspect Ratio • Device size measured diagonally from corner to corner • Screen Resolution • Number of pixels used on a display determines resolution Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  42. Display Devices • Video adapters, Interfaces, and Ports • Video cards determine the graphic capabilities of a computer • VGA, DVI, and HDMI are the three most common interfaces to connect monitors to a computer • Ports exposed in the system unit cases are to connect monitors to computers • New option is to use USB ports Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  43. Display Devices – Video Cards Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  44. Display Devices • Wired vs. Wireless Displays • Most monitors are physically connected to the system via a cable (wired) • Wireless displays connect using a wireless network connection (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) • 2D vs. 3D • Most displays are 2D • 3D displays use filters, prisms, and multiple lenses to create the 3D effects Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  45. Display Devices • Wearable Displays • Project images from a mobile device to a display screen built into glasses • Touch and Gesture Capabilities • Kiosks and portable gaming devices • Mobile phones and portable digital media players Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  46. Display Devices • Flat Panel Display Technologies • Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) • Use charged liquid crystals between sheets of glass or plastic • Requires backlighting • Light Emitting Diode Displays (LEDs) • Used in alarm clocks, Christmas lights, car headlights, and other consumer products • Currently used to backlight LCD panels Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  47. Display Devices • Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays (OLED) • Use layers of organic material • Emit visible light when current is applied • Are thinner than LCDs • Have brighter and sharper images than LCDs • Incorporated into many digital cameras, mobile phones, and portable digital media players Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  48. Display Devices • Special Types of OLEDs • FOLED (Flexible OLED) • OLED displays built on flexible surfaces such as plastic or metal foil • TOLED (Transparent OLED) • Displays are transparent • Emit light toward top and bottom of display surface • PHOLED (Phosphorescent OLED) • Process that converts electrical energy into light rather than heat Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  49. Display Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

  50. Display Devices • Interferometric Modulator (IMOD) Displays • Essentially a complex mirror that uses external light to display images • Designed initially for mobile phones and portable devices • Images are bright and clear, even in sunlight • Plasma Displays • Use layers of gas to display images • Most often used on large displays • Being replaced by LCDs Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

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