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Turmoil and Transformation: China's Resistance and Resilience

Discover China's resistance against foreign influence, from the Opium Wars to the Taiping Rebellion, leading to transformative changes like the Boxer Rebellion and the challenge of modernization.

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Turmoil and Transformation: China's Resistance and Resilience

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  1. Chinese Resistance

  2. Resistance • Looked down on foreigners • Self-sufficient • Healthy agricultural economy • Spanish and Portuguese traders brought many crops

  3. Tea Opium Connection • Earned more for its exports than imports • Opium introduced by the Europeans • By 1835 12 million Chinese addicted • Originally used as a painkiller

  4. War Breaks Out • Opium War of 1839 • China’s ships outmatched by the British • Treaty of Nanjing • Gave Hong Kong to the British • Extraterritorial rights • Foreigners were not subject to Chinese law at sea port cities

  5. Taiping Rebellion • Led by Hong Xiuquan (shee-oo-choo-ohn) • Share China’s vast wealth, no poverty • Organized a peasant army of one million • Took over Nanjing in 1853

  6. Troubles • Leaders of the Taiping government feuded • Imperial troops, British and French forces launched attacks against the Taiping • 1864 Taiping government fell, over 20 million would die in the rebellion

  7. Resistance to Change • Dowager Empress Cixi reforms • Reigned from 1862-1908 • Educational system • Diplomatic service • Military • Sphere of Influence • Foreign nations controlled trade and investment • 1899, US declared an Open Door Policy • China’s doors be open to merchants of all nations

  8. Nationalism • 1898, Emperor Guangxu introduced measures to modernize China • Educational system, economy, military, government • Dowager Empress • Placed Guangxu under arrest and took control

  9. Boxer Rebellion • Group of Chinese nationalist s that resented foreign influence • 1900, Boxers surrounded Beijing and kept it under siege for several months before being defeated by the military • Reforms • Restructure government, establish a constitution

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