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Compare/Contrast--1490s

Compare/Contrast--1490s. Native Americans Africans Europeans. Technology. Native American Hopi & Acoma (SW)—irrigation systems Eastern Woodlands—farming, make almost everything out of wood (canoes, snowshoes, etc.) NOTE: trade networks across continent—spread of goods/technology.

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Compare/Contrast--1490s

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  1. Compare/Contrast--1490s Native Americans Africans Europeans

  2. Technology • Native American • Hopi & Acoma (SW)—irrigation systems • Eastern Woodlands—farming, make almost everything out of wood (canoes, snowshoes, etc.) • NOTE: trade networks across continent—spread of goods/technology

  3. Technology • Europe • Trade across continent, into Asia/Africa—spread technology and ideas • Sailing technology • Compass/astrolabe for navigation • Caravel can sail against the wind

  4. Technology • African • Trade routes across continent—technology/ideas spread • Metalworking • Tools/weapons • Fabric like velvet in the Kongo • Some irrigation

  5. Governmental Structure • Native American • Mirror social structure • Nobles and Local leaders • Immediate level—family unit with community decision making • Don’t forget to add Iroquois Constitution from our readings! • Alliance of tribes • Local tribal leaders agree to it

  6. Governmental Structure • European • Monarchs (gained power w/Crusades)—new taxes, raise armies, strengthen central government, finance exploration • Nobles (important tie to FEUDALISM)

  7. Governmental Structure • African • Songhai—King with power over armies, laws, education, arts • Sunni Ali • Askia Muhammad (from our reading)-Muslim king organized bureaucracy • Benin—forest kingdoms with organized government; king appointed chiefs to rule districts, ambassadors • Kongo—small kingdoms ruled by one ruler (man or woman): taxes, war, tribute

  8. Social Structure • Native American • Bonds of kinship (EXTENDED FAMILY) • Elders/ancestors honored • Iroquois & Hopi- matrilineal; others- patrilineal • Division of labor based on class (all the way from slaves to nobles) • Family is basic unit • Family-community decision making

  9. Social Structure • European • Based on hierarchy • Nobility & peasants tied in FEUDALISM • Difficult to move between classes (exception for artisans/merchants) • Division of labor based on gender

  10. Social Structure • African • Some societies are matrilineal • Within the family—rank comes with age • Slave labor • Not born into it • Not necessarily for entire life • Could escape slavery by marriage/adoption

  11. Religion and Culture • Native American • Kwakiwtl—totems with symbols of ancestral spirits; potlaches ceremonies to give away wealth • SW (Pueblo, Hopi, Acoma)—multistory adobe houses, kivas for religious ceremonies/councils • All use trade networks • Natural world filled with spirits (living and non-living) • Universal creator

  12. Religion and Culture • European • Live in small villages • Catholic church with administrative bureaucracy • Crusades • Reconquista • Early 1500s- Reformation • Urban life after plagues

  13. Religion and Culture • African • Islam spread across trade routes • Trade with Portuguese in West Africamake connections to Europe stronger • First African slave trade in 1480s for Portuguese sugar planations • Local culture, small villages, family centered • Political leaders tied with religion • Natural spirits in living and non-living objects • Ancestor-spirits, universal creator

  14. ALL TOGETHER • Native American • Some matrilineal • Universal creator & natural spiritis • Extended family • Collective ownership of land

  15. ALL TOGETHER • Europe • Patrilineal • One god/Catholicism • Nuclear family • Private ownership of land

  16. ALL TOGETHER • African • Some matrilineal • Universal creator/natural spirits • Islam • Extended family • Collective ownership of land

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