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2. I. INTRODUCTION:
3. I. INTRODUCTION: Crimes of Violence – shall refer to crimes such as murder, homicide, kidnapping/abduction, bombings, sexual assault and other criminal incidents that put lives in danger all of which pose a major challenge to the PNP's investigative capability.
Murder – whether committed by a single individual or by a syndicated crime group or by a terrorist group, is the most serious of all "violent crimes“.
The reduction and detection of Murder is a major concern to both the police and the public.
The actions by the “First Responders” attending the crime scene are critical to the investigation. Adhering to procedures to minimize contamination, hence, controlling access to the scene.
4. I. INTRODUCTION: One of the most important stages of an investigation is collecting vital forensic evidence and information which is oftentimes the most chaotic and prone to errors.
The Investigator and the Commander of SITG or the case manager has to attend to the concerns of record-keeping, information management, staffing and resources and communications, if to successfully solve a murder case and ensure prosecution of suspects.
MAIN PURPOSE OF THE FIELD MANUAL?
To provide the PNP First Responders, Investigators, the SOCO Teams and Case Managers with a checklist that will serve as a GUIDE and undertake all the basic procedures in investigation to minimize lapses and errors....
5. THE FIELD MANUAL IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS Part I: Initial Response to the Crime Scene
("The Golden Hour")
PART II: Initial Investigation
("The Golden Hour")
Part III: Evidence Collection
Part IV: Managing the Investigation
6. Part I: Initial Response to the Crime Scene ("The Golden Hour") Part 1 deals with First Responder/s duties and responsibilities in the initial response to a crime scene and the initial investigation to be undertaken, including conduct of interviews and profiling.
The field manual contains a checklist of actions for the FR to ensure integrity of the crime scene and that records of all activities and information gathered are maintained.
7. Part II: Initial Investigation ("The Golden Hour") Part II deals with PNP Field Investigators (Investigator-on-Case) of investigative units duties and responsibilities especially the first 72 hours ("Golden Hour") of a murder or kidnapping/abduction investigation (crimes of violence investigation).
The field manual provides a guide and checklist of questions that must be answered in the inquiries/investigation. It also includes post mortem changes, investigative interviewing and profiling.
It also provides a checklist for the investigation of other crimes such as fatal road accidents, robberies, suicide, sexual offenses, fires, explosions and drug-related crimes.
8. Part III: Evidence Collection Part III deals with the proper handling and preserving physical evidence which the credibility and integrity must be upheld from its initial observance until its presentation in court.
The Field Manual provides the standard procedures for crime scene processing in terms of collecting, handling and preserving evidence including its transport to Crime Laboratory. It also includes procedures on the submission by field forensic investigator of physical evidence for examination by the PNP CL if no Scene of Crime Operation (SOCO) was conducted.
It provides the IOC a handy reference in reminding or overseeing the SOCO team does not overlook the collection of vital evidence otherwise, to conduct evidence-gathering by themselves in the absence of SOCO team.
9. Part IV: Managing the Investigation Part IV deals with Case Management.
Whenever a crime of violence or a major case occurs, a Special Investigation Task Group (SITG) shall immediately be created to conduct an aggressive, concerted and substantial program of action such as strengthening coordination system among the PNP, DOJ & other law enforcement agencies.
Part IV includes the organizational structure and functions of the SITG and investigation management tools such as investigation planning, coordination mechanism, crime matrix analysis, surveillance and case review.
10. Part IV: Managing the Investigation Part IV provides a guide and list of management procedures including the preparation of the evidence matrix and resource matrix for the SITG Commander/Case Manager to help him effectively and efficiently organize and manage the investigation.
Using the checklists provided, the SITG Commander/Case Manager can audit the FRs, the IOCS and even the SOCO teams within the "Golden Hour" (72 hours) of the investigation.
This short orientation / seminar aims to make the participants familiar with their role in the investigation of a major case or crimes of violence.
The Field Manual intends to provide the user with a ready reference in investigation.
11. II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
12. II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lecture/orientation seminar it is expected that the participants will be able to:
Learn to use the Field Manual and understood the concept in the investigation of crimes of violence.
Recognize the meaning of Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) as differentiated from SOCO and its importance in the investigation.
Understand the functions of First Responders (FR), Investigator-on-Case (IOC), SOCO Team and the SITG.
Realize the need to be thorough and detailed in the execution of procedures in investigation in order that justice may ultimately be given to victims of crime.
13. III. CAUTION STATEMENT:
14. III. CAUTION STATEMENT: “The Field Manual should serve as an AID or GUIDE only”.
“Not all criminal cases are ALIKE but the Field Manual will ensure that FR, IOCs, and SOCO Teams perform the procedures in the gathering of evidence that could spell the difference in solving a case.“
“All criminal incidents must be investigated. The significant and additional procedures are intended to address major crime incidents that would necessitate the use of other resources through the SITGs."
“The checklists are only meant as a GUIDE and not as a substitute for critical thinking.”
15. IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS
16. IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS After SOCO Report – a report rendered and prepared by the Team Leader of the SOCO that conducted the technical and forensic examination upon request by the Investigator-on-Case (IOC) through the Operations Center.
B. Crime Scene – A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has been committed/taken place.
C. Criminal Investigator – A Police Officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all criminal cases embodied under the Revised Penal Code/Criminal Laws and Special Laws. He or she is well-trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation.
17. IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS D. Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) – It is a long and tedious processing of crime scene that involves proper documentation of the conditions at the scene which involves the collection of physical evidence.
E. Evidence – The means sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact. These include but are not limited to documentary, testimonial, electronic and object evidence, gathered in the course of the investigation.
F. First Responders – Are Police Officers who have jurisdiction of the area where the incident or crime scene has taken place and who are expected to be the first to respond to calls for assistance in cases of incidents.
18. IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS
19. IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS
20. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
21. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
22. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
23. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
24. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
25. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
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62. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
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66. IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
67. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER
68. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER The four main tasks of the first officer on the scene are:
To give first aid;
To apprehend the suspected offender;
To protect and if necessary collect and preserve evidence; and
To cordon off and protect the area.
First Officer on The Scene
Give first aid. Immediately request for assistance form medical experts.
Decide whether a crime has been committed.
Apprehend the suspected offender.
Write down the names of all the persons at the crime scene and where they can be contacted in the next few hours.
69. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Do not let anyone enter the crime scene area. Exception: First aid measures.
Inform the police officer for deciding (COP/PD) on who is to carry out the investigation and call in reinforcement to the scene.
If shots has been fired, secure any evidence of primer particles (gunpowder residue) on the hands.
If any person has been taken to hospital, see to it that a police officer is sent to the hospital to take the necessary measures.
Cordon of a sufficiently large area around the crime scene while waiting for reinforcement.
Protect the crime scene from alteration.
70. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Make a note of the measures that are taken, persons who entered the crime scene and the times of important events and observations.
Photograph and if appropriate take video record of the crime scene and the adjacent area, including people hanging around the scene.
The first responder shall be responsible for the control of the crime scene until the arrival of the designated investigator-on-case who shall thereafter assume responsibility of the crime scene
71. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER The checklists are only meant as a guide and not as a substitute for critical thinking. In some cases certain items can probably be left out, while others must be added.
Life-saving measures
Must be taken immediately if there are any signs of life on any of the victims and/or suspects. This must be done even if a crime is suspected and the measures lead to loss of evidence.
72. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Apprehend the suspected perpetrator
In the case of a recent incident, measures must be taken to apprehend the perpetrator if possible. All the people at the crime scene should initially be asked for any information that may be of help.
If information is forthcoming in the form of description, escape route etc. action should be taken accordingly and the information passed on to the local or regional operation centers. It should always be borne in mind that persons at the crime scene who claim to be witnesses may in fact be involved in the incident itself.
73. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Crime Scene Security and Preservation
Protect and collect evidence
The main duty of the first responder is, after giving first aid if necessary, to protect the scene. Protecting and collecting trace evidence involves a number of different measures that will vary from one scene to another. The first responder should primarily protect the crime scene and preserve evidence and, secondly, collect evidence that might otherwise be destroyed. One important measure when it comes to ensuring that evidence is not lost is to avoid contamination.
74. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Crime Scene Security and Preservation
Avoid contamination
When two objects come into contact there is always a risk of contamination, i.e. exchange of materials between them. The objects do not even have to be in contact, since materials such as fibers and hair may be suspended in the air.
75. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Crime Scene Security and Preservation
Avoid contamination
The best way of avoiding contamination at the initial stage is to leave the crime scene untouched. The persons involved, for example victim and suspect, must on no account be allowed to enter the crime scene and must always be kept apart. Such persons should be dealt with by different police officers and transported in different vehicles. If it is necessary to recover something at the crime scene, this must always be done by an officer who has not been in contact with the persons involved.
76. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Crime Scene Security and Preservation
The following rules should be followed to avoid contamination:
Never let suspects and victims be in the same room or be transported in the same car.
Use protective clothing.
Plan out the gathering of on-scene evidence such that each specific source is handled separately, if possible.
Cars should preferably be examined on site.
If a car must be moved, it should be towed. Avoid using the seats. If that is unavoidable, use protective clothing. If the car must be driven, the only person in it should be the driver, who should wear protective clothing.
77. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Cordons
The purpose of cordons is to make sure that unauthorized persons do not enter the crime scene. Guarded cordons are always the best. The area should be cordoned off with tape or rope and warning signs should be put up. Make sure that the cordoned off area is sufficiently large. (It is better if the area is sufficiently large).
78. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Witnesses
Do not allow witnesses or suspects to return to or enter the crime scene. Persons at the scene who are to be questioned should be taken to separate premises in the vicinity and kept apart from each other, since they may, for example, have valuable information or evidence on their bodies that must be transmitted to other persons.
79. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Persons taken to hospital
If any involve person (suspect or victim) has been taken to hospital, a police officer should go to the hospital immediately and take the following measures:
Seize/retrieve the person’s clothes and put all pieces into separate paper bags properly marked as to time/date and place of retrieval, and description of contents.
If clothes have been taken off, question the hospital staff on who took off the person’s clothes and what has been done with them.
80. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER Make sure that all trace evidence on victim or suspect are collected and preserved.
Make sure that suspects and victims are subjected for alcohol and drug test.
If shots have been fired, request the PNP Crime Laboratory to conduct paraffin test in order to collect primer particles/gunpowder residue from the person’s hands.
81. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER
Checklist for Initial Action of First Responders
82. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER
Checklist for Initial Action of First Responders
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83. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER
Checklist for Initial Action of First Responders
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Checklist for Initial Action of First Responders
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85. V. THE FIRST RESPONDER
Checklist for Initial Action of First Responders
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