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The Genetic Timeline

The Genetic Timeline. 1868. Friedrick Miescher From Pus soaked rags Miescher was able to isolate the nuclei from white blood cells. In the nuclei he finds a chemical he calls “Nuclein” Function is unknown of this mystery chemical, but it contains a lot of phosphate. 1910. Phoebus Levine

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The Genetic Timeline

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  1. The Genetic Timeline

  2. 1868 Friedrick Miescher From Pus soaked rags Miescher was able to isolate the nuclei from white blood cells. In the nuclei he finds a chemical he calls “Nuclein” Function is unknown of this mystery chemical, but it contains a lot of phosphate

  3. 1910 • Phoebus Levine • Over time Meischer’s nuclein was found to be a major part of chromosomes • Through hydrolysis Nuclein contained • Unique sugar called deoxyribose • Phosphate • 4 kinds of nitrogen bases

  4. Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Nitrogen-containing bases Nuclein Deoxyribose (sugar) Phosphate Hydrolysis

  5. P S N Levine figured that each nitrogen base was attach to a sugar Each sugar was then attached to a phosphate group This arrangement of molecules was called a nucleotide and is specifically named for the nitrogen base it contains

  6. 1910 • Phoebus Levine • Meischer’s nuclein a major part of chromosomes • Through hydrolysis Nuclein contained • Unique sugar called deoxyribose • Phosphate • 4 kinds of nitrogen bases • On account of the new sugar the substance is called deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA • Levine also thought that these nucleotides • Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine and • Guanine • All occur in equal amounts

  7. 1927 Frederick Griffith Worked with Smooth (lethal) and Rough (harmless) cells of pneumonia and mice. Found that a transforming principal exists that can alter traits in bacteria and that has an effect that is later heritable. The Transforming Principal is unknown

  8. 1931 Henry Dawson Refined Griffith’s findings and showed that there was a chemical inside the dead smooth cells and that that acted as a transforming principal. It could alter a rough cells traits to make it smooth cells. As well these new smooth cells are able to pass on this new trait to their next generation

  9. 1944 X Avery Oswald First to show that DNA was the Transforming principal that everybody was looking for and not protein. BUT World was not convinced

  10. 1952 Hershey and Chase Through work with bacteria and viruses they prove without a doubt that DNA and not protein carries the information that is needed for reproduction and that genes are made from DNA

  11. 1948 - 1952 • Chargaff • Finds that Levine is wrong in that there are not equal amounts of the nucleotides • But • No matter the species the amount of Adenine always = to the amount of Thymine. • Amount of Guanine is = to the amount of Cytosine

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