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Children's Participation in a Media Content Creation Community: Israeli Learners in a Scratch Programming Environment

Ina Blau Department of Education & Psychology, Chais Research Center, OUI . Children's Participation in a Media Content Creation Community: Israeli Learners in a Scratch Programming Environment. Oren Zuckerman IDC Herzliya School of Communications. Andrés Monroy-Hernández

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Children's Participation in a Media Content Creation Community: Israeli Learners in a Scratch Programming Environment

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  1. Ina Blau Department of Education & Psychology, Chais Research Center, OUI Children's Participation in a Media Content Creation Community: Israeli Learners in a Scratch Programming Environment Oren Zuckerman IDC Herzliya School of Communications Andrés Monroy-Hernández MIT Media Lab

  2. Scratch: Online Community of Interactive Projects • Browse • View projects • Download

  3. Scratch: Online Community of Interactive Projects • Project creation: • Create • Share • Remix

  4. Scratch: Online Community of Interactive Projects • Social participation: • Write comments • Add friends • Add to galleries • Mark as love-it • Add to favorites

  5. Background 1 • Scratch - constructionist, social environment • (Papert, 1980; Resnick, 2007 )‏ • Participation patterns • (Jenkins, 2006; Monroy-Hernández & Resnick, 2008)‏

  6. Background 2 • Motivation for contribution • (Rafaeli & Ariel, 2008; Rafaeli, Raban & Ravid, 2007)‏ • Uses and gratification (Rubin, 1994)‏

  7. Study hypotheses Project creation and social participation measures would not correlate Individual investment in the community would positively correlate with community feedback both on a user and a project level There would be no significant gender differences in participation patterns and project complexity

  8. Method: Participants 65 Israeli Scratch users, mostly elementary school students 35 girls (53.8%) Age range: 9-17 (Mean: 11.5)‏ (Median: 11)

  9. Method: Instrument and Procedure • Israeli Scratch online community logs in July, 2008 • Project creation: number of original and remixed projects per user • Social participation: number of comments, friends, favorites, posting in galleries, and "love-its" rating • Project complexity: mean of a project’s scripts and sprites Community feedback: • User level: number of participants defined a user as their friend • Project level: User's projects viewed, commented, marked-as-favorite, downloaded, remixed, or marked-as-love-it

  10. Projects created by Israeli Scratch community(July 2008) 80% / 17% / 3% <100 / >100 / >1000

  11. Results - Individual investment • Project creation:Medium-high correlations within different measures of project participation investment (original projects, remixed projects)‏ • Social participation: Medium-high correlations between most of social participation measures (favorites, friends, galleries, comments, love-its)‏ • As hypothesized, measures of the project creation are not correlated with social participation • Suggestion: Different participation patterns may fulfill different Scratch users' needs (future research needed)‏

  12. Results: Individual investment and community feedback – in the user level • As hypothesized, all participants received community feedback (in the form of befriended)‏ • 7 predictors (number of views, downloads, user's friends, galleries a user participated in, comments made, favorites and "love-its" added to other projects) accounted for 81.1% of variance in community feedback

  13. Results: Individual investment and community feedback – in the project level • As hypothesized: project feedback positively correlates with social-participators investment • Opposite to the hypothesis: project feedback negatively correlates with project-creation investment • It seems that social participants give feedback to projects of their friends.

  14. Results: Gender • No statistically significant gender differences are found in participation patterns or project complexity. • It seems that Scratch opens similar possibilities to both genders in programming, learning and participation.

  15. Conclusion • Project creators and social participators are different users • Community feedback: • In the user level: all participants receive feedback - as befriended • In the project level: a project feedback positively correlates with social participation investment, but negatively correlates with project creation investment => it seems feedback based on friendship and not project quality • No gender differences

  16. Motivation for participation?Design for participation?

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