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Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution. Ch. 14 Sec. 1. Russia. Czar Alexander III (r. 1881-1894). He deprived ethnic groups in Russian empire of their basic rights. Ruled as an autocrat (total control of Russia under him) Made all Russian colonies adopt Russian ways, language, culture, traditions, religion.

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Russian Revolution

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  1. Russian Revolution Ch. 14 Sec. 1

  2. Russia

  3. Czar Alexander III (r. 1881-1894)

  4. He deprived ethnic groups in Russian empire of their basic rights Ruled as an autocrat (total control of Russia under him) Made all Russian colonies adopt Russian ways, language, culture, traditions, religion Czar Alexander III (r. 1881-1894)

  5. Czar Alexander III Persecutes Jews forbade Jews from owning land in Russia forbade Jews from living in Russian communities encouraged Russians to persecute Jews Russian Universities set quotas for Jewish students

  6. Pogroms Under Czar Alexander III • organized violence against Jews in Russia • broke out through out Russia • Police stood by as Russian citizens destroyed Jewish homes stores synagogues

  7. Czar Nicholas II (r. 1894-1917) • son of Czar Alexander III • Used same autocratic totalitarian policies as Czar as his father • Nicholas refused to surrender any of his power

  8. Revolutionary Movement Grows Revolution gains steam during Nicholas II reign 1902 new political parties emerge in Russia Constitutional Democratic Party Bourgeoisie (merchant middle class) Liberals wanted a Russian constitution Social Revolution Party wanted equal land distribution for all peasants wanted to increase the power of peasants to equal the power of land owners Social Democrats followed teachings of Karl Marx:19th century radical political philosopher concentrated in urban areas

  9. Bolsheviks (majority) Reds (more powerful) wanted a new government with central authority wanted to push peasants to war against the Czar’s government Mensheviks (minority) Whites (less people agreed) more moderate wanted new government with less control over people 1904 Social Democrats Split into 2 Warring Factions:

  10. Russo-Japanese War 1904

  11. Russo-Japanese War 1904

  12. Russo-Japanese War 1904 both wanted Korea and Manchuria Japan attacked Russia in Manchuria February 1904 Japan won the war and won control of Manchuria The defeat demoralized/angered Russian people many revolts/strikes against the Russian government in response

  13. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905

  14. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905 200,000 unarmed Russian peasants marched on Czar Nicholas II palace in St. Petersburg protesting to get better working conditions, more personal freedom, elected national legislature Czar was not home but ordered his troops to fire on the crowd 1,000 Russian peasants killed

  15. Bloody Sunday leads to more strikes across Russia workers strike in Russia all business stops through out Russia October 1905 Czar allows for creation of national parliament: Duma Czar agrees to pass no laws with out Duma’s approval Czar dissolves parliament after 10 weeks

  16. Reasons Revolution of 1905 failed: • Czar Nicholas II had military on his side • Revolutionary parties were split • poorest workers felt left out: felt unrepresented by any party

  17. World War I Czar Nicholas II dragged Russia into the war by the end of 1914: 4 million Russian soldiers killed or captured Russians soldiers sent to fight with out adequate supplies or food Czar Nicholas II forced Russians to fight WWI: they didn’t want to

  18. called himself a holy medicine man Befriended Czarina Alexandra while Czar Nicholas II was away fighting WWI convinced Czarina to put him in charge of key political decisions Rasputin

  19. spread corruption through out royal court: appointed his buddies; made decisions for personal gain: further angered Russian people 1916 group of nobles murdered Rasputin: but he damaged credibility of Russian ruling family with Russian people Rasputin

  20. The Bolshevik Revolution (The March Revolution)

  21. Red Riots March 1917 • Russian Revolution begins • women riot because they have no food: their husbands are off to war or dead already • 200,000 women factory workers swarm the streets in Petrograd, Russia • Few soldiers obey Czar’s orders to shoot them

  22. Red Riots March 1917 soldiers switch sides and join the rioters soldiers began firing at their commanding officers Czar abdicates (leaves) the throne: he and his family flea to Siberia (east Russia) 1918: Czar and his family executed by Bolsheviks

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