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Basic Concepts of Chemistry: Matter and Change

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter and its transformations. Learn about physical and chemical properties, changes, and different states of matter. Understand the distinctions between elements, compounds, mixtures, and the properties of each.

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Basic Concepts of Chemistry: Matter and Change

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  1. Introduction to Chemistry Matter & Change

  2. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • Mass is the amount of matter in an object. What is Matter?

  3. Physical: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance (NO ABILITY CHANGE) - cut, change of state, boiling point, density, malleability (shaped), ductility (wire), conductivity • Chemical: substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. (ABILITY TO CHANGE) - flammability, oxidation, reactivity Physical vs. Chemical Property

  4. Physical vs. Chemical Property

  5. Mowing • Exploding • Squeezing • Frying/ burning • Boiling/melting • Pouring • Freezing Physical vs. Chemical Property

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  10. Physical: A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. (NO CHANGE) - 1 pencil broken into 2 pieces, shredding, change of state (i.e. freezing, boiling) • Chemical: A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. (CHANGES) - wood to ashes, burning, oxidizing, rusting, digesting Physical vs. Chemical Change

  11. Physical vs. Chemical Change

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  13. Glass breaking • Hammering wood together • Rusting bicycle • Melting butter for popcorn • Separating sand from gravel • Spoiling food • Bleaching hair • Corroding metal Physical vs. Chemical Change

  14. Intensive: Does not depend on the amount of matter present. THINK IDENTITY !!!! - melting point, boiling point • Extensive: Does depend on the amount of matter present. These properties can change. - volume, mass Intensive vs. Extensive Property

  15. Intensive vs. Extensive Property

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  18. Solid: Definite shape and definite volume. - piece of coal • Liquid: Definite volume and no definite shape. - cup of water • Gas: No definite shape nor definite volume. - helium in balloons Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas

  19. Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas

  20. Particles can vibrate, rotate, move around each other and move rapidly in a random and haphazard way in the space available • Particles can vibrate and rotate within a fixed position • Particles can vibrate, rotate and move around each other. Each particle is more excited and requires more space in which to move Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas

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  24. Matter Flow Chart

  25. Pure Substance: fixed composition; every sample has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition. - H2 & Ba(OH)2 • Mixture: Blend of two or more kinds of matter, each which retains its own identity and properties; can be separated physically. - concrete & saltwater solution Pure Substance vs. Mixture

  26. Pure Substance vs. Mixture

  27. Fabrics • Vinegar (Acetic Acid) • table salt (NaCl) • Rocks • milk • Sugar • absolute alcohol • Lemonade • Air Pure Substance vs. Mixture

  28. Element: Can not be decomposed, or broken down, by ordinary chemical means. - H2, Al, Zr • Compound: Can be decomposed, or broken down, into two or more simpler compounds or elements by a chemical change. - H2O, NaCl, C2H5OH Element vs. Compound

  29. Element vs. Compound

  30. aluminum • C2H5OH • H2O, dihydrogen monoxide • NaCl • calcium, Hg • sugar C12H22O11 • ammonia NH3 • H2 Element vs. Compound

  31. A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means is called a(n) A. elementB. compoundC. mixtureD. isotope

  32. Made up of two or more substances. • Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition • Hetero means different Types of Mixtures

  33. Homogeneous- same composition throughout. • Solution – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container • Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juice Types of Mixtures

  34. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous

  35. Alloys Alloy- homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements Examples Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni Brass – Cu & Zn 14K, 10K, 18K Gold

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