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Early Beginnings: Prehistoric Times

Discover the fascinating evolution of medicine and belief systems from prehistoric times to ancient civilizations. This exploration covers the understanding of health among early humans, who believed in a spirit world and performed early surgeries, to the rise of herbal medicine in ancient Egypt, Greek advances in scientific thought, and the development of Chinese medicine. From trephining to acupuncture, this overview reveals the foundational practices that shaped modern medicine and the cultural contexts that influenced them.

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Early Beginnings: Prehistoric Times

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  1. Early Beginnings: Prehistoric Times Emily Fontenot, Luis Hernandez, Zac Shaw, Karalee Ainsworth, and Mercedes Hasty

  2. 500,000 -20,000 years ago Religion: believed in a hidden spirit world dominated by the spirits of animals and birds, and of their ancestors. Crushed eucalyptus leaves to relieve the nose and throat from mucus blockages • Performed operations called Trephining • Understood where heart was located in body • Broken bones were set and covered with river clay. Chewed orchard bulbs for upset stomachs. animal fat were rubbed on cuts.

  3. Medicine in Ancient Times

  4. 4000 BC • Herbs and plants used for medicines • It was believed that illness caused by supernatural sprits • Doctors performed ceremonies to remove evil spirits known as exorcisms • Plants used in Ancient times still used today: • Digitalis • Quinine • Atropine • Morphine • Salicylic Acid

  5. 3000-300 BC • Egyptians called upon gods to heal them, usually the goddess of healing, Selchment • Avoided illness by eating a healthy diet, practicing massaging, and performing exorcisms • Believed thinking was a function of the heart, not the brain

  6. 1700BC - 200AD • Chinese medicine is an ancient healing system originating almost 4500 years ago. • They practiced acupuncture, acupressure, moxabustion, and dispensing of Chinese herbal formulas

  7. 1200BC - 250AD • Greeks believed in the healing God, Asculepius • Alcamayon identified the brain • Greeks were thinkers and observers who furthered the craft of healing to what we would consider scientific levels • Romans first to organize medical care for army's • 476 AD fall of roman empire

  8. Aritarchus: (c. 310-c. 230 BCE) • First to catch a glimpse of the immense size of the universe. • Everyone believed that that the sun, moon and stars revolved around the earth . • Correctness was not proven until Bessel in 1839 measured the parallax. Democritus: • Proposed that Matter was made up of Atoms. • Consequence of this idea ; people were able to use there senses. Major Scientists of Ancient Times

  9. Major Scientists of Ancient Times Eratosthenes: (c.275-192 BCE) • Invented a new method to calculate prime numbers, drew a famous world map, & catalogued several hundreds of starts. • Became especially famous for his calculation of the circumference of the earth. Thales of Miletus: • Predicted a solar eclipse of May 28, 585 BCE • In c. 547 BCE, Thales also changed the course of the river Hayles in order to facilitate the crossing of an army of the Lydian king Croesus. • Did geometrical research which enabled him to measure the size of the pyramids of Egypt or the distance to a ship at sea.

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