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Multiplexers and Switching Concepts: Application and Conversion in Digital Communications

This chapter explores the utilization of multiplexers and switching in digital networks, focusing on concepts such as time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM). It delves into analog and digital signal transmission, demultiplexing processes, and statistical multiplexing using packets. Additionally, it covers pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), analog-to-digital conversion, and TDM standards in the United States. The chapter also discusses circuit switching versus packet switching, virtual connections, and fully connected network structures.

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Multiplexers and Switching Concepts: Application and Conversion in Digital Communications

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  1. Network CommunicationsChapter 6 Multiplexers and Switching Concepts

  2. Mutiplexer Application Figure 6.1

  3. 4 to 1 Mux / DeMux Figure 6.3Demultiplexer Figure 6.2Multiplexer

  4. t0t1t2 AAA Frame #3 #2 #1 B-B Output -CBA DC-A DCBA 4*1 Inputs MUX CCC -DD TDM Multiplexer Figure 6.4

  5. FDM (Broadcast Analog TV) Figure 6.5

  6. AAA -BB CC- DDD SPM Output DCA DCBA DBA Statistical Multiplexer(Packets) Figure 6.6

  7. Central Office Central Office Digital Signal Analog Signal Analog Signal Digital Telephone System Figure 6.7

  8. Analog Signal Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Sampling - PAMPulse Amplitude Modulation Figure 6.8

  9. Analog / Digital Conversion Figure 6.9

  10. Analog 1 Digital PCM TDM DS-0 Analog 2 1.544 Mbps Digital signal PCM Voice Inputs DS-0 DS-1 Analog 24 PCM DS-0 T1 (DS1) (8 bit/sample)*(24 ch/frame) = 192 bit/frameadd 1 synchronization bit/frame for 193 b/frame Multiply by the sampling rate of 8 kHz= 1.544 Mbits/sec (64 kbit/sec each channel) Figure 6.10

  11. Digital Telephone Transmission Table 6.1: US TDM Standards Figure 6.11: DS-1 Frame Format

  12. Computer A Computer B Computer C Computer D A Fully Connected Network Figure 6.12

  13. Connecting Stations Through Switches Figure 6.13

  14. E 1 C Switch 1 Switch 2 2 B A D Circuit Switching Figure 6.14

  15. Switch #3 B C CBA Switch #1 Switch #5 Source Destination A Switch #4 Switch #2 Virtual Connection Packet Switching(A Virtual Circuit) Figure 6.15

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