Thermodynamics Lecture Series

1. Thermodynamics Lecture Series Assoc. Prof. Dr. J.J. Combustion Applied Sciences Education Research Group (ASERG) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA email: drjjlanita@hotmail.comhttp://www.uitm.edu.my/faculties/fsg/drjj1.html

2. Review – Steam Power Plant High T Res., TH Furnace Working fluid: Water qin = qH Boiler Turbine out Pump in Condenser qout = qL qin- qout = out - in Low T Res., TL Water from river qin- qout = net,out A Schematic diagram for a Steam Power Plant

3. Review - Steam Power Plant High T Res., TH Furnace Working fluid: Water Purpose: Produce work, Wout, out qin = qH Steam Power Plant net,out qout = qL Low T Res., TL Water from river An Energy-Flow diagram for a SPP

4. O2 H2 + + 3 kmol 1 kmol H2 +O2 = = 4 kmol Gas Mixtures – Composition by Moles Composition Summary Gravimetric Analysis where Volumetric Analysis where

5. O2 H2 + + PH2 PO2 H2 +O2 = = PH2+ PO2 Gas Mixtures – Additive Pressure Dalton’s Law • The total pressure exerted in a container at volume V and absolute temperature T, is the sum of component pressure exerted by each gas in that container at V, T. k is total number of components

6. O2 H2 + + VH2 VO2 H2 +O2 = = VH2+ VO2 Gas Mixtures – Additive Volume Amagat’s Law • The total volume occupied in a container at pressure Pmix and absolute temperature Tmix, is the sum of component volumes occupied by each gas in that container at Pmix, Tmix. k is total number of components

7. H2 +O2 Gas Mixtures –Pressure Fraction Partial Pressure Since • The pressure fraction for each gas inside the container is Hence the partial pressure is In general,

8. H2 +O2 Gas Mixtures –Volume Fraction Partial Volume Since • The volume fraction for each gas inside the container is Hence the partial volume is In general,

9. Converting gravimetric to volumetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by weight is: 13.3% CO2; 0.95% CO; 8.35% O2; 77.4% N2. Let the mixture mass be 1 kg.

10. Converting gravimetric to volumetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by weight is: 13.3% CO2; 0.95% CO; 8.35% O2; 77.4% N2. Let the mixture mass be 1 kg.

11. Converting volumetric to gravimetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by volume is: 85% C; 7% H2; 5% O2; 3% S. Let the mixture volume be 1 kilomole.

12. Converting volumetric to gravimetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by volume is: 85% C; 7% H2; 5% O2; 3% S. Let the mixture volume be 1 kilomole.