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States of matter

Learn about the properties of solids, liquids, and gases, including shape, volume, and movement. Discover phase changes such as melting, boiling, vaporization, and condensation. Explore gas laws like Boyle's Law and Charles’ Law through examples and graphs.

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States of matter

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  1. States of matter 3

  2. Solid • Def. shape & volume • Packed tightly • Vibrations • Crystals – pattern • Amorphous – easily move

  3. Liquid • Def. volume, not shape • Further apart, movement! • Fluid – substance that flows • Surface tension – skin – pull toward • Viscosity – resistance of a liquid to flow

  4. gas • No def. shape/volume • Far apart, most movement

  5. Changes in state Solid - liquid Liquid - solid • Melting – break free • 0 C • Freezing – begin forming patterns

  6. Phase changes Liquid - gas Gas - liquid • Gains energy • Vaporization – def. • Boiling – within liq. • Evap – surface • Air pressure affects • 95 degrees C for Denver • Condensation • Loses thermal energy

  7. Solid - gas • Sublimation – gains energy

  8. III measuring gases • Volume – cm3 • Temp increase, increase motion of gas • 500 meters/sec. 2x that of a jet • Pressure – force on walls of container. Pascals

  9. Pressure and volume • Boyles Law . Increase vol. decrease pressure • Helium balloon decrease air press, increase vol of balloon

  10. Pressure and temp • Increase temp, increase pressure in constant volume (container that’s rigid) • Hot tires . . Expand.

  11. Volume and temp – Charles’ Law • Charles Law – increase temp, increase vol. Decrease temp, decrease the volume of the gas. The molecules move closer together and take up less space.

  12. Boyle’s Law • It’s backwards!!! Meaning if you increase the volume, you decrease the pressure!!! Or, if you decrease the volume, you increase the pressure.

  13. Graphing Gas Behavior Temp (degrees C) Volume (mL) 0 50 10 52 20 54 30 56 40 58 50 60 60 62 70 63 80 66 90 67 100 69

  14. Pressure and Volume • Volume (mL) Pressure (kPa) • 300 20 • 250 24 • 200 30 • 150 42 • 100 58 • 50 120

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