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The Holocaust. Terms. Genocide is the intent to destroy , in whole or in part, a national , ______ , ______ or _______ group. The _________ is the name applied to the _______ of minority groups of Europe and North Africa during ____________________ .
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Terms • Genocide is the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ______, ______ or _______ group. • The _________ is the name applied to the _______of minority groups of Europe and North Africa during ____________________. • _______________is the _______ toward or _______ against ____as a _______, racial, or ethnic group, which can range in expression from individual ______ to institutionalized, violent ___________.
Nazi Propaganda • Propaganda worked at all levels. All newspaper were Nazi papers and printed fabricated stores about Jewish atrocities in America. • Children’s stories had morals that taught of the dangers of Jews. Board games had Jewish monsters who attacked German schoolchildren.
Jews are Isolated & Attacked Anti-Semitic Propaganda • Jews were invariably pictured in German propaganda as dark-haired and fat with hooked noses. They were often labled as capilatlist and communits, and depicted as evil, money-grabbing figures. • The German public was affected by the propanganda.
Above: measuring nose. Right: “The Eternal Jew” is the most famous Nazi propaganda film. It depicts the Jews of Poland as corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly, and perverse: they are an alien people which have taken over the world through their control of banking and commerce, yet live like animals.
Jews are Isolated & Attacked con’t Anti-Jewish Propaganda • The Nazis took advantage of the anti-Semtic attitudes to take away the rights of Jewish citizens. Hilter announced a “Boycott Day” The purpose of the boycott was to isolate Jews socially and economically from German society.
Nuremberg Laws • 1933-1938. Over 2,000 anti-Jewish laws were passed. • Jews could no longer be judges, laywers, teachers, doctors, government officals, or army officals. Jews were stripped of rights and property. The laws proclaimed that Jews were not cizitens. Social relationships were forbidden between Jews and Germans. Jews were forced to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing and required to have a “J” on their passports to be easliy identified.
Star of David Cover of a Jewish passport
Attacks on Jews Kristallnacht or night of broken glass- Germans attacked synagogues and Jewish home and businesses. This was retaliation for the assassination of the German embassy offical in Paris by a Jewish student. • 200 synagogues destroyed • 7,500 Jewish stores looted • over 100 Jews were killed • 30,000 arrested and put in prison camps The government encated a $400 million fine on the Jewish comminity for damages.
Forced into Ghettos and Camps • In the 1930s, Jews were pushed into ghettos, which were small areas sealled off with barbed wire or high wall within a city. Most ghettos were established in Eastern Europe. The ghettos were regarded by the Nazis as a temporary way to concentrate the Jews until they enated their party goal of eliminating or killing all of them.
Horrors of Concentration Camps • Soon after taking power, the Nazis established concentration camps. • The first camps were detention and labor camps particularly for politcal enemies like communists and groups deemed socially undesirable, such as homosexuals, criminals, and religious dissenters. • During the war the Nazis set up thousands of camps in which prisoners were starved, tortured, worked to death, and murdered.
Horrors of Concentration Camps con’t Conditions varied at the camps. But killing occurred at all. The most famous camp, Auschwitz, was designed for mass killings. In some camps prisioners were subject to inhuman medical experiments by Nazi doctors. As soon as the Jews reached the camps, the were subjected to unimaginable terrors from the moment they arrived. SS physicians would examine new prisoners and determine who was fit for work and who would die.
Horrors of Concentration Camps con’t Many families were broken as young children were usually sent to death right away because they could not work. However, those who could work were tattooed with a number on their wrist and put to work. Those who were chosen to work usually performed physical labor, such as mining in a stone quarry. However, many died while working.
The Final Solution Hitler often referred to finding a “final solution” to the “Jewish problem.” In his mind the “Final Solution” was the extermination of all Jewish people; which would restore Germany’s purity and greatness. In 1941, Germany invaded Russia. Russia had a huge population of Jews. Therefore, creating a new system of killing, mass shootings.
Realizing that mass shooting was not an efficient method of killing millions, Nazi leaders decided to construct death camps where gas would be the primary means for execution. Therefore, Jews from Germany and Western Europe were sent by train to concentration camps in Eastern Europe. Once the trains arrived at the camps, prisoners were seperated into two groups, those to be worked to death and those to be killed immediatley.
Those who were to be killed immediately were told that they need to bathe. They were lead to gas chambers that looked like shower rooms. Prisoners were given a towel and soap. Once the prisoners were locked in, they were killed with pesticide gas. Their bodies would be burned and ashes scattered so that it would be impossible for someone in the future to determine the number of deaths. The “Final Solution” resulted in the deaths of 6 million Jews and 4-6 million non-Jewish civiliams.
Liberation Towards the end of the war, Hitler was determined to continue his extermination of the Jews while at the same time covering up the evidence. Several thousand prisoners were killed in the last days before the Allied tanks and soldiers moved in. However, bodies could not be destroyed quick enough and they remained as Allied troops liberated the Nazi occupied areas. From later 1944-1945 camps were liberated by allied forces, who were shocked by what at they found.
In some cases the Nazis had altered the camps, painted, cleaned, burned – to try to hide their true purpose, but in others the remains of bodies were left in the oven and the killing process could be seen in its entirety. Nuremberg Trials • The trials were part of the American-British-Soviet aim to establish an overall record of what had happened during the war, to reestablish the rules of international conduct the Nazis had violated, and to punish individual Nazis who were guilty of crimes.
There was plenty of evidence to try the accused. Nazi records were captured quickly, since the fall of the Nazis happened quickly. There were films and photographs of the atrocities.
