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The Secret of the German Language

The Secret of the German Language. Lesson 3: Wow. This is trippy. You already know more than 99.9% of Americans. You know more about the secret of the German language than the president of the United States. The Secret of the German Language.

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The Secret of the German Language

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  1. The Secret of the German Language • Lesson 3: • Wow. This is trippy. • You already know more than 99.9% of Americans. • You know more about the secret of the German language than the president of the United States.

  2. The Secret of the German Language • You know more about the secret of the German language than the head of homeland security. • You know almost as much about the secret of the German language as Einstein, relatively speaking. • But can you keep a secret?

  3. The Secret of the German Language • Okay, we’ve looked at the 6 der words. • Can you name them? • We looked at the nominative and accusative cases. • What are those all about? • Now we are going to look at the last two columns. . . • If you dare

  4. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Now we are looking at the dative case. It is mostly about indirect objects, although later we’ll learn prepositions that govern the dative case too.

  5. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) So what’s an indirect object? And please don’t say that it’s an object that’s not direct.

  6. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) My simple definition: An indirect object receives the direct object.

  7. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) So in a sentence like this: The student gives the teacher an apple. The student is the subject. That’s easy.

  8. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) So in a sentence like this: The student gives the teacher an apple. The apple is what’s being given. It’s the direct object

  9. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) The student gives the teacher an apple. The teacher is receiving the apple; the direct object. That makes the teacher the indirect object.

  10. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) The indirect objects follow the dative row. I call that row “MeRMaN”. It works with the article endings just like the others. It also works with all der words.

  11. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) So try this. Identify the gender of each noun. Then identify its function in the sentence. D__ Schüler gibt d__ Lehrer d__ Buch.

  12. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Oooh. This is tough. Did you get: Der Schüler gibt dem Lehrer das Buch.

  13. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Okay. Another challenge: D__ Mädchen gibt dies__ Hund d__ Futter.

  14. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Oh snap. Did you get: Das Mädchen gibt diesem Hund das Futter.

  15. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) You look like you want a challenge. How about: D__ Lehrerin erzählt jed__ Schüler d__ Geschichte.

  16. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) You can go to the head of the class if you got this: DieLehrerinerzähltjedemSchüler die Geschichte.

  17. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) If you know the gender and the function in the sentence, you should be able to get the right endings if you use the chart.

  18. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) In your chart on your preliminary notes add the little +n you see above. This indicates that an extra –n is added to plural nouns (unless the noun already ends with an –n or ends with an –s)

  19. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) So therefore you’ll see a sentence like this: Die Mutter gibt den Kindern das Geschenk.

  20. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) But since Katze for example is already pluralized with an –n, no extra –n is needed. Das Mädchen gibt den Katzen dieses Spielzeug.

  21. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) So try two more. How would you do this sentence in German? This father gives each girl money.

  22. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) What a nice dad. Did you get: Dieser Vater gibt jedem Mädchen Geld.

  23. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Okay, one more for the big money: The boy explains the homework to the girl (Do it this way) The boy explains the girl the homework.

  24. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) If you got this, you earn the golden handshake: Der Junge erklärt dem Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.

  25. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) And if he was explaining to the girls (plural), all you would change is: Der Junge erklärt den Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.

  26. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) And if he was explaining to these girls, all you would change is: Der Junge erklärt diesen Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.

  27. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) And if he was explaining to every girl (singular) you would have: Der Junge erklärt jedem Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.

  28. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) So now we get to the newest part of the secret. Here’s the secret to the genitive: There isn’t a really good English equivalent.

  29. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) It’s a possessive case that is often translated as “of the” even though it looks just like “the” alone.

  30. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Here’s what it looks like: Der Kuli der Frau ist blau. “The pen of the woman is blue.” We usually say “the woman’s pen is blue.”

  31. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) But, although we usually say “the woman’s pen” in English, we can only add the possessive –s to proper nouns in German.

  32. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Hence: DerKulider Frau – Correct Die FrausKuli – Incorrect…but… Frau Birds Kuli – is correct!

  33. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Try this one. How would you translate this? Die Katze der Kinder ist gelb.

  34. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Die Katze der Kinder ist gelb. The cat of the children is yellow or The children’s cat is yellow.

  35. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Die Katze der Kinder ist gelb. Now a hard question: What is the subject of this sentence?

  36. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Die Katze der Kinder ist gelb. The cat is the subject. “The children” is a genitive. You can tell from the endings.

  37. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Now in preliminary notes add the two +s signs you see. Similar to the +n earlier, we add an –s (or –es to monosyllabic words) to masculine and neuter nouns in the genitive case.

  38. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Der Apfel des Mannes ist rot. Der Apfel der Frau ist rot. Der Apfel des Kindes ist rot. Der Apfel der Kinder ist rot.

  39. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Try a couple of these. Identify the gender and then the function in the sentence. D__ Stuhl d__ Schülerin ist kaputt.

  40. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Did you get this? Der Stuhl der Schülerin ist kaputt.

  41. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) How about this one: Jed__ Buch d__ Lehrer__ ist neu.

  42. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) If you got this, you get a free fist bump. Jedes Buch des Lehrers ist neu.

  43. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Try a translation: The teacher’s board is white. Change it first to: The board of the teacher is white And then solve.

  44. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Here you go: Die Tafel des Lehrers ist weiß.

  45. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) And if it were a female teacher: Die Tafel der Lehrerin ist weiß.

  46. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Final one: The dog’s toy is dirty. Remember to change the order.

  47. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) You get a free Scooby Snak if you got this one right: Das Spielzeug des Hundes ist schmutzig.

  48. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) Finally to read off the four rows, I say: Reesie Neesie Merman Sir, sir.

  49. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive) And today’s tip: Almost without exception, any noun referring to a male is masculine and any noun referring to a female is feminine.

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