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Research Corner

Research Corner. Week one: context analysis, assigned 1.09. Re: http://uprootingcriminology.org/blogs/lies-damned-lies-immigrant-crime/ Lies, Damned Lies and Immigrant Crime, Jan 6, 2014 by: Gary Potter Who is lying? What are they saying? How do we know they’re lying?.

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Research Corner

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  1. Research Corner

  2. Week one: context analysis, assigned 1.09 • Re: http://uprootingcriminology.org/blogs/lies-damned-lies-immigrant-crime/ • Lies, Damned Lies and Immigrant Crime, Jan 6, 2014 by: Gary Potter • Who is lying? What are they saying? How do we know they’re lying?

  3. Week one: context analysis, assigned 1.16 • With regard to ‘judges blame rape victims’, eg. http://wkzo.com/news/articles/2014/jan/07/montana-judge-under-fire-over-lenient-rape-sentence-to-retire-official/ • -- whose perspective do they benefit? why are they lying? • --handout: http://www.orcc.net/sites/all/files/pdf/Sexual-Assault-Statistics-FS.pdf

  4. Week two: building a media sample • Go to www.lib.unb.a, select research databases, and then Canadian Newspapers FullTextFP Infomart • -- fill out search form for topic, date(s), newspaper(s), etc. • -- results show text, in various forms • Sample exercise using context analysis: use UCR and GSS estimates of sexual assault rates/100K, and compare to Gleaner coverage… • Next: 2007 news

  5. comparison of information sources

  6. comparing numbers…

  7. Content (quotes) of stories of M/F sexual assault, DG 2007 • Cogswell – none; Noname2 – none; Gould – none; Hollis – none; Hiltz-- none • Lyons – “I asked her to meet me at King’s Place. We were going to have consensual sex” (accused); “She said the two of them sexually assaulted her” (boyfriend) • Noname – “I can’t believe it, all I want is the truth. I just want justice for her” (mother) “There was some kind of breakdown in communications” (justice) • Gallen – “[He] would like to maintain his not-guilty plea and have another date for trial” (defence) • Collins – “I’m happy that it’s over and pleased with the result. It was very difficult and emotional but I’m very glad I did it” (victim) • Flemming – “He has no prior convictions, he’s basically a first-time offender” (defence lawyer) • Crouse – “What we have here is an attempted seduction gone bad” (defence lawyer) • Leone – “He’s prepared to say, ‘I made a mistake” (defence lawyer) • Sharpe – “At the time he pleaded guilty he already had 11 priors so we advised the court at that time we were going to seek a dangerous offender application” (prosecutor) • Walton – “[the accused approached her at the park, said] ‘you have a nice bum’ [and started masturbating]” (victim); “[victim of a sex assault at a young age, it] upset his entire life, it changed his personality, and his actions became inappropriate” (defence)

  8. Week three: Information sources • News, eg. CBC: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/not-enforcing-prostitution-laws-not-an-option-says-mackay-1.2515155 • …and http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/01/02/prostitution-canada-police-repression_n_1179237.html • Statistics, eg. ‘transition home snapshot’: www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-404-x/2011000/part-partie1-eng.htm • …and, prostitution: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/12-581-x/2013000/cri-eng.htm#t11 • …and, violence against women: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130225/dq130225a-eng.htm • 2012 Uniform Crime Report, police statistics: www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2013001-eng.htm • 2009 General Social Survey, victimization statistics: www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2010002/article/11340-eng.htm • Collections Canada, eg: http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/lac-bac/results/arch.php?module=arch&action=results&Language=eng&FormName=MIKAN+Items+Display&SortSpec=score+desc&Language=eng&QueryParser=lac_mikan&Sources=mikan&Archives=&SearchIn_1=&SearchInText_1=prostitution&Operator_1=AND&SearchIn_2=&SearchInText_2=&Operator_2=AND&SearchIn_3=&SearchInText_3=&Level=&MaterialDateOperator=after&MaterialDate=&DigitalImages=&Source=&ResultCount=10&cainInd=&Media=Media.Photographs&PageNum=1

  9. Week four: Cognitive, social, and memory biases • Availability heuristic, cascade: overestimating likelihood, thru repetition in public discourse • Bias blind spot: seeing oneself as less biased, more capable, than others • Confirmation bias: only seeing information that confirms ones’ preconceptions • Framing effect: drawing conclusions depending on how information is presented • Hindsight bias: thinking that past events would have been predictable at the time • Illusory correlation: seeing a connection between unrelated events • Just-world hypothesis: if the world is just, injustice is deserved by the victim • Negativity bias: tendency to remember averse events rather than unpleasant ones • Observer selection bias: noticing previously unknown things, thinking they had increased • Pessimism bias: a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative things happening • Defensive-attribution bias: assuming +blame to evil-doer as similarity to victim increases • In-group bias: perceiving members of one’s own group more favourably • Bizarreness effect: better remembered because unusual • Illusion of truth effect: a familiar statement is more believable than an unfamiliar one • Mood congruent bias: better recall congruent with one’s mood http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

  10. Week four: Universal emotions • Basic: disgust, sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise • Also: amusement, contempt, contentment, embarrassment, excitement, guilt, pride in achievement, relief, satisfaction, sensory pleasure, and shame • Reference: pauleckmann

  11. Serial crime rates… • What does this mean? • Objective increase…late 1960s? • Detection increase… http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/tops-opst/bs-sc/viclas-salvac-eng.htm#intro VICAP (FBI, 1980s), MCF (1980s) VICLAS (1991) (RCMP) • Subjective increase…true crime literature, films…

  12. Emotional response Video response Variables: similarity, likeability, defensive attribution, perceived in/justice, personal empathy, portrayal… Starving children Cyber-bully victims Psychological distance Evil dictators Movie victims

  13. Sublimation and movies • Revenge movies reaffirm a sense of justice in a world that’s unjust • Love movies reaffirm (voyeuristically) romance in a world alone • Action movies reaffirm (vicariously) excitement in a boring world • Scary movies sublimate our aggressive tendencies, like the coliseum • -- they’re sacrificial victims

  14. unassigned: content analysis • Re: The ordeal of Christopher Jefferies • http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/22eac290-eee2-11e0-959a-00144feab49a.html#axzz2pzvFoKHa • What are they saying? Why are they lying?

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