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Functionalism

Functionalism. Development and Founding. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Survival of the Fittest Social Darwinism Synthetic Philosophy-the idea that knowledge and experience can be explained in terms of evolutionary principles. William James (1842-1910).

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Functionalism

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  1. Functionalism Development and Founding

  2. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) • Survival of the Fittest • Social Darwinism • Synthetic Philosophy-the idea that knowledge and experience can be explained in terms of evolutionary principles

  3. William James (1842-1910) • Probably the second most well known historical figure in psychology • Neurasthenia • Principles of Psychology • Hugo Munsterberg

  4. William James (Continued) • Stream of Consciousness-Continuous and personal to the individual. It cannot be divided up for analysis. • Pragmatism: validity of ideas is measured by their practical consequences

  5. Pre-James I am scared ------- I run James I run ---- I am scared James’ Theory of Emotions

  6. James’ Idea of Self • Material Self (body, family, all things owned) • Social Self (self known by others) • Spiritual Self (states of consciousness, one’s own objective reality)

  7. Habit • An idea of an action precedes the causes of the action. Habits are formed when an activity is repeated.

  8. Women in the Field • Variability hypothesis: The notion that men show a wider range and variation of physical and mental development than women; the abilities of women are seen as more average.

  9. Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) • Helen Bradford Thompson (1874-1947) • Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886-1939):

  10. Granville Stanley Hall • AKA G. Stanley Hall • Organized the first psychology laboratory in the United States • Founded the first psychology journal • Helped organize and was the first president of the American Psychological Association • Organized a meeting of European psychoanalysis, giving American Psychology its first look at psychoanalysis.

  11. Recapitulation Theory • Recapitulation Theory: Hall’s idea that the psychological development of children repeats the history of the human race.

  12. The Chicago School • John Dewey (1859-1952) • James Rowland Angell (1869-1949) • Harvey Carr (1873-1954)

  13. Reflex Arc The connection between sensory stimuli and motor responses. The concept proposes that three elements of the reflex • Sensory processes • Brain processes • Motor response

  14. Angell’s Perspective • Functional psychology is interested in mental operations, not conscious elements • Mental processes mediate between the needs of the organism and the environments. Mental Functions help the organism survive. • Mind and Body cannot be separated, they act as a unit in an organism’s struggle for survival.

  15. Robert Sessions Woodworth (1869-1962) • Dynamic Psychology: Woodworth’s systems of psychology which was interested in the causal factors and motivations on feelings and behavior.

  16. Criticisms of Functionalism • Is there a real definition somewhere? • Is it real psychology? Structuralists say no. • It’s not practical (but guess who said that?)

  17. Good things about Functionalism • Animal Psychology • Incorporates all types of research • Considered truly American

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