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Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground

Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground. Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 4 - Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground. Components of the Cryosphere. On land - 75% of world’s freshwater 10% of land surface 7% of ocean surface (annual ave.).

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Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground

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  1. Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 4 - Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground

  2. Components of the Cryosphere • On land - 75% of world’s freshwater • 10% of land surface • 7% of ocean surface (annual ave.)

  3. Change in Spring Snowcover March-April Isotherms [˚C] (change during the satellite era)

  4. Ice Freeze & Breakup Dates Northern Lakes and Rivers Later freezing: ~ 6 days/100-yr Earlier breakup: ~ 6 days/100-yr

  5. Change in Sea Ice Extent (National Snow and Ice Data Center)

  6. Arctic Sea Ice Extent 2007: Lowest 2008: Second lowest 2009: Third lowest

  7. Arctic Sea Ice Extent 2007: Lowest 2008: Second lowest 2009: Third lowest (National Snow and Ice Data Center)

  8. Arctic Sea Ice Thickness (National Snow and Ice Data Center)

  9. Changes in Glacier Length

  10. Changes in Glacier Mass Balance

  11. Change in Greenland’s Elevation (2005 - 1998/1999)

  12. Change in Antarctica’s Elevation (2003 - 1992)

  13. Changes in Active-Layer Thickness and Depth of Seasonal Freeze 5%-95% confidence interval

  14. Area of Seasonally Frozen Ground (Northern Hemisphere)

  15. Summary of Changes

  16. END Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground

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