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A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings:

A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: Gender oppression results from their subordinate status, a result of patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman)

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A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings:

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  1. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: • Gender oppression results from their subordinate status, a result of patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) • Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) • Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) • Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

  2. http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=PRB&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=12509http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=PRB&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=12509 • Source for PP: • Ashford, L.S. (2005). Population Bulletin • http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=Population_Bulletin1&template=PopulationBulletin.cfm&BeginYear=2001. accessed 11 Jan 2006 • also see. Ashford, L.S. (2001). Population Bulletin, vol. 57,1: 21-29 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3761/is_200103/ai_n8939693 • accessed 11 Jan 2006 • United Nations, The World's Women 2000

  3. Source: Ashford, L.S. (2005). Population Bulletin • http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=Population_Bulletin1&template=PopulationBulletin.cfm&BeginYear=2001. accessed 11 Jan 2006 Women of Our World 2005 Indicators of Women’s Status and Progress Around the World

  4. The Data and Estimates Provide Information On: • Basic demographics • Reproductive health, including family planning, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS • Education, work, and political participation, and trends over time in each of these areas

  5. Proportions of Younger and Older Women, Selected World Regions Percent of female population Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005

  6. Births per Woman (Total Fertility Rate), Trends in Selected Regions Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005

  7. Adolescent Childbearing Percent of women ages 15-19 giving birth in one year Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005

  8. Maternal Deaths and Lifetime Risk of Dying from Maternal Causes Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA

  9. Trends in Births Attended by Skilled Personnel* Percent * Defined to include a doctor, nurse, or midwife. **Surveys dates are 1999 and 2003. Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; Demographic and Health Surveys

  10. Percent of HIV-infected Adults Who are Women Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; UNAIDS

  11. Girls and Boys’ Secondary School Enrollments, Latest Year Enrollments as a percent of the applicable age group Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; UNESCO

  12. Girls’ Enrollments in Secondary School as Percentage of Boys’ Enrollments Girls per 100 boys Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; UNESCO

  13. Trends in Women’s Share of Non-farm Wage Earners, Selected Regions Percent of paid, non-farm workforce Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; International Labour Organization

  14. Women’s Share of Seats in National Parliaments Percent of seats in single or lower chamber Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; Inter-Parliamentary Union

  15. Increases in Women’s Share of Parliamentary Seats, Selected Regions Percent of seats in single or lower chamber Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; Inter-Parliamentary Union

  16. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: • Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) • Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) • Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) • Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

  17. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: • Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) • Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) • Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) • Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

  18. Women’s labour force participation (1997): • DCs: 44% • South Asia 33% • Wages as % of men’s wages: • Mexico 71% • Bangladesh 50 % • Source: see Ashford, L.S. (2001). Population Bulletin, vol. 57,1: 21-29. • Legislators (women %): (2003) • Sweden 43% • India 9% • Mexico 23% • Source: WB (WID)

  19. Mexico primary school female enrollment% Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2000.

  20. India: primary school female enrollment % Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2000

  21. Labor force, female (% of total labor) Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2002.

  22. Mexico: Labor force, female (% of total) Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2002.

  23. India: Labor force, female (% of total) Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2002.

  24. India: poorest 20% of women • average # of children 4 • prenatal care 25% • delivery with medics 12% • Mexico: % of all women • no education 11% • average # of children 4 • teens childbearing 18% • All women - physical assault • India 40% • Canada 29% • See data in Ashford

  25. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: • Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) • Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) • Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) • Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

  26. Gender integration: considering roles • and targeting programs • Development projects: • aid programs do not targetwomen: why? • women’s role not taken into account in projects • women are ignored in designing project needs • women are neglected in decision-making on • environment

  27. Gender inequalities, poverty, & violence • Mortality rates • Socio-economic status • Literacy & education • Jobs & wages • Decision-making • Abuse

  28. Higher mortality rate: why? • Sex selective abortions • Less food • Less health care • Hardships of low status: • Genital mutilation • Child marriage • Pressured to bear more children • No protection against HIV • Little education • Joint family pressures

  29. Inequalities in labour force participation, • education, literacy, and health – a vicious cycle • MNCs: low wage underclass • Livelihood vs. literacy • Endangered health

  30. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: • Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) • Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) • Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) • Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

  31. Approval of Political and Social Values in Western and Muslim Societies Western Muslim Democratic Performance 68% 68% Democratic Ideals 86% 87% Strong Leaders 61% 61% Religious Leaders 62% 39% Gender Equity 82% 55% Divorce 60% 35% Abortion 48% 25% Homosexuality 53% 12% Source: World Values Survey, pooled Sample 1995-2001 Note: Table made from bar graph

  32. http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/

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