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The French Revolution

Objective: Students will discuss the causes and effects of the French Revolution. DIRECTIONS: TAKE OUT FOLDERS, AND SOMETHING TO WRITE WITH. The French Revolution. France under King Louis XIV. Take out your Absolutism (France) chart from yesterday.

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The French Revolution

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  1. Objective: Students will discuss the causes and effects of the French Revolution. DIRECTIONS: TAKE OUT FOLDERS, AND SOMETHING TO WRITE WITH.... The French Revolution

  2. France under King Louis XIV Take out your Absolutism (France) chart from yesterday. You have ~5 minutes to start class where I want you to get with a partner and compare your charts. After that we will review them, and today you will learn about English Rule under Queen Elizabeth and which rulers were tolerant or intolerant of religious differences.

  3. Vocabulary of France under LXIV Absolutism: when a king has total power. Divine Right: the claim that a ruler's power came from God and no one should question it. L'etat c'est moi: “I am the state.” (absolutism) Versailles: palace of the king near Paris. War of Spanish Succesion: war over the rightful heir to the throne of Spain. Peace of Utrecht: prevented the union of a French/Spanish Crown.

  4. 1. Identify how Louis XIV came to rule France at a young age and with the help of whom? His father died when he was 5 years old, and he had help from his mother and Cardinal Mazarin.

  5. 2. What was the ruling style of Louis XIV, and what did he believe gave him this amount of power? Absolute monarchy, and he believed he had the divine right to rule.

  6. 3. What did King Louis XIV build to show his great wealth and power? Palace of Versailles.

  7. 4. What was the nickname for King Louis XIV, how long did he rule, and how did he impact French Culture? He was nicknamed the Sun King, he ruled for 72 years, and art, literature, drama, music and ballet flourished during his reign..

  8. 5. Who did King Louis XIV appoint as his minister of finance? What concept did this person embrace for France? He appointed Jean Baptiste Colbert, who embraced mercantilism.

  9. 6. What was the role of the Estate's General during King Louis XIV rule? How often did they meet to control $$$? Estates General was non-existent, they had not met since 1614 (30 years since he became king).

  10. 7. What were King Louis XIV views on religion and his government? Was he tolerant or intolerant? “One king, one law, one faith” were his views. He was intolerant.

  11. 8. What major conflict did King Louis XIV get involved in? What did this conflict have to do with King Louis XIV? He got involved in the War of Spanish Succession. The Hapsburg King of Spain had no heirs, so in 1700 he named his successor to become Spain's king as Philip of Anjou...who happened to be the grandson of Louis XIV. This would've upset the balance of power, causing a war between France and other European nations.

  12. 9. What was the shape of the French economy/treasury at the end of Louis XIV reign? Who did this impact the most? The treasury was drained or empty at the end of his rule from wars and careless spending. This impacted the peasants, who were taxed the most. Financial problems helped weaken the monarchy with an angry lower class unwilling to pay anymore, bringing about the French Revolution.

  13. History of France France had been the most powerful nation in Europe during most of the 1700’s. It was ruled by a king, or monarch, with absolute power. “Absolute Power” started with King Louis XIV and continued with Louis XV, and XVI

  14. The Old Regime The “Old Regime” was the name given to the time period before the Revolution in 1789. In the Old Regime, society had been divided into Three Estates based on class and rank.

  15. The 1st Estate The Church- Clergy which owned 10% of the land and paid no tax.

  16. The 2nd Estate Nobles- 2% of the population, owned 20% of the land and 70% of the wealth.

  17. The 3rd Estate -Everyone else Bourgeoisie- urban middle class craftsmen, merchants and professionals. -Working poor -Peasants: paid heavy taxes and rent on their land and paid a tithe.

  18. The Poor/Peasants Had no voice in changing laws. They were under the ABSOLUTE control of their landlords and the king.

  19. Problems Arise Among the Poor Mid 1700’s French Population grows rapidly Peasants pressed for higher rent Food prices were rising, but income was the same (inflation). Nobles and clergy did not have to pay taxes. Nobles were determined to be free from tax.

  20. The Bourgeoisie Complaints As part of the 3rd Estate, they still were able to prosper economically. Wanted political power. Wanted their sons to have military and church positions that were only allowed to nobles.

  21. Common Ground While the bourgeoisie and peasants had different complaints, they were influenced by enlightenment and revolution ideas. Liberty Equality Natural Rights …John Locke and the American Revolution.

  22. French Monarchy Louis XV (15TH) was an extravagant spender. He borrowed money that put France in debt and caused prices to rise. He had a 59 year reign as king, one of the longest. He was succeeded by Louis XVI (16TH)‏

  23. Louis XVI Took the crown in 1774. Married Marie-Antoinette, of Austrian Royalty, to strengthen the French Alliance with Austria.

  24. Financial Disaster Louis XVI and France help America in the War for Independence. Puts France in further debt, leaves the treasury EMPTY. 1st and 2nd Estate refuse to pay taxes. Must call a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 (first time in 182 years)‏

  25. Estates General All 3 Estates meet and vote. However, they do not vote as individuals, but as a group. 1st and 2nd Estate (Nobility, Clergy) always out vote the 3rd (working, poor) Estate. 3rd Estate has more representatives than other two combined! They want to vote as individuals.

  26. Meeting of the Estates General 1789 The 3rd Estate urges reform, relief for the poor, and an equal voice. King Louis XVI wants the custom way of voting. On May 5, 1789, the 3rd Estate declares themselves the National Assembly and vow to not stop meeting until they have written a constitution for France.

  27. The Tennis Court Oath A vow to save France from her ruin. Conservatives gather on the right, liberals on the left, and moderates in the middle. The “National Assembly” begins making laws in the name of the French People.

  28. Objective: Students will review the objectives of the Revolution Unit for the Test on Monday. DIRECTIONS: TAKE OUT FOLDERS, AND SOMETHING TO WRITE WITH.... The French Revolution

  29. The French Revolution The day of the formation of the National Assembly (May 5, 1789) is the beginning.

  30. Bastille Day, July 14, 1789 Random riots break out in streets of Paris The King’s prison, the Bastille is taken over by a mob and robbed of weapons. “Massive rush for the gates”

  31. Bastille Day Word of the success causes riots in other cities. In the country, landlords are attacked by peasants and food stores are looted.

  32. End of Feudalism On August 4, 1789 the National Assembly passed laws ending serfdom and feudalism (granting of land for service, and other deeds) in France. “Liberty, equality, fraternity” becomes slogan.

  33. The Declaration of the Rights of Man “men are born equal and remain equal before the law.” Freedom of speech, press and religion. Rights for women were rejected. Called for a limited power monarchy, like Britain.

  34. The National Assembly 1789-1792 Royal family tries to escape in 1790. Church lands are confiscated and sold to pay large debts. Radicals wanted the king and nobles killed.

  35. National Assembly 1789-1792 Many parts of the country erupt into chaos. Emigres (immigrants)- nobles who fled the country. Upper class people were targeted by mobs in random violence. Thousands killed.

  36. The Constitution of 1791 Limited authority of the King Began the 3 Branches: Judicial, Legislative and Executive. Only lasted a year.

  37. Why did it fail? People didn’t trust the king: end to constitutional monarchy. Only the wealthy held most of the power, especially in the Legislative Assembly. Catholics were against it. Emigres were plotting with King Louis XVI

  38. Legislative Assembly Divides Conservatives: wanted limited authority for the king. Radicals: wanted drastic changes, no king. Moderates: in between.

  39. Summer of 1792 Austria (led by Marie Antoinette’s brother) threatens war on France. Britain and Prussia join the fight.

  40. The End of the Monarchy The National Assembly officially dissolves the monarchy and declares France a republic in 1792. Republic: voters elect officials to run France. Legislative Assembly dissolves itself to a National Convention.

  41. The Guillotine Both the king and Marie Antoinette are beheaded by the National Convention in 1793.

  42. Robespierre Leader of the Committee of Public Safety. Robespierre and the “club” known as Jacobins, searched to take advantage of France's problems, trying to obtain unlimited power. They were radicals.

  43. The Reign of Terror Led by Robespierre. It was a brutal program to silence critics of the government, and search for those against the republic. Executed 20-40 thousand people.

  44. The Executions No real chance for justice. Executed by the guillotine Was made a spectacle for crowds.

  45. Fear from the National Convention Leaders felt Robespierre was out of control. Fearing he would do the same to them, they ordered him to suffer the same fate as the thousands he killed.

  46. Moderate Control Took away from radicals, after the Reign of Terror. Began to undue “radical” Constitution. Formed a new governing body, called the “Directory”.

  47. Effects of the Revolution End to absolutism. Church and nobility lost privileges. Promoted “nationalism”, a deep devotion to one's country. Led to a bureaucracy.

  48. Under Notes Page 440, #1 on Section Review Page 445, #1 on Section Review

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