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Economic Theories and Reform Movements During Industrialization

Explore the economic theories of Adam Smith, Malthus, and Ricardo, as well as the reform efforts of humanitarians like Charles Dickens, Bentham, and Mill. Learn about early reform laws and the rise of unions and collective action during the Industrial Revolution.

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Economic Theories and Reform Movements During Industrialization

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  1. Chapter 22 Industrialization 22.4 Living and Working Condition

  2. Assignment • With your group you will prepare a short powerpoint presentation on the assigned economist or philosopher. • You will have today and tomorrow to work on your presentation • Use your books and the internet to create your presentation • As the other groups present please fill in the economist and philosopher chart on Thursday

  3. I. Economic Theories • Mercantilism- fixed amount of wealth in world • Law of Economics 1. Adam Smith • Malthus and Ricardo • Laissez-faire • No government in the operations of business • “let it be” or “leave things alone”

  4. II. Reformers Arise • Humanitarians- people who work to improve the conditions of others • Famous writers made the public aware of the working conditions a. Charles Dickens • Reformers • Jeremy Bentham • John Stuart Mill

  5. III. Early Reform Laws • Factory Act of 1802 • Shortened hrs and improved condition for children • Not enforced • Factory Act of 1833 • No children under 9 • Between 9-13 no more than 8 hrs a day 6 days a week • Older no more than 12 hrs • Ten Hours Act in 1847

  6. Discussion Questions • What motivated humanitarians to try to reform the workplace? • Does anyone have any suggestions for reform of specific current working conditions?

  7. IV. Collective Action • Strikes • Unions- workers organized into associations • Collect dues • Illegal- Combination Acts of 1799-1800 • Legalized in 1870’s • Collective bargaining- negotiations were agreement were written into contracts lasting a fixed period of time

  8. Big Question • Are unions as necessary today as they were during the Industrial Revolution?

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