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The Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process

The Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process. Overview and Example. The Human Factors Engineering Research and Development Process. World. Implementation. Observation. Human Factors Research and Development. Issues, Hypotheses. Solutions. Human-Machine Systems Engineering. Research.

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The Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process

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  1. The Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Overview and Example

  2. The Human Factors Engineering Research and Development Process World Implementation Observation Human Factors Research and Development Issues, Hypotheses Solutions Human-Machine Systems Engineering Research Problems, Opportunities HMSE

  3. The Human-MachineSystems Engineering Process (Overview) • Develop HMS objectives & performance specifications • Analyze system(s) & mission(s) • Design HMS • Prototype, test, and evaluate HMS HMSE

  4. The Human-MachineSystems Engineering Process (1) • Develop HMS objectives & performance specifications • Define objectives & requirements • Define operating environment • Define performance specifications • Identify technological alternatives • Analyze system(s) & mission(s) • Analyze systems • Define users • Analyze mission • Allocate HMS functions • Analyze human operator tasks HMSE

  5. The Human-MachineSystems Engineering Process (2) • Design HMS • Identify, collect, and apply design resources • Develop preliminary designs • Develop detailed design • Develop HMS facilitators • Prototype, test, and evaluate HMS • Develop simulator testbed • Develop prototyping tools • Develop prototype • Design test procedures • Conduct tests • Evaluate test results HMSE

  6. Example of the Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process An Electronic Checklist for General Aviation http://www.engr.orst.edu/~HFE/Checklist/ HMSE

  7. Identify checklist issues • Conduct research to determine the significance of checklist use (and misuse) to aviation safety.. • Research accidents & incidents attributable in part to checklist misuse, summarize. • Research human checklist performance issues • perceptual • cognitive • psychomotor • etc. HMSE

  8. Develop Statement of Need • Describe • background, • need, and • basic requirements. HMSE

  9. Statement of Need Crew-caused factors in 93 large aircraft accidents occurring between 1977 and 1984 HMSE

  10. Obtain knowledge from subject matter experts & users • Convene a panel of pilots representing a cross-section of potential users and obtain • domain knowledge, • information about personal experiences with checklists, • ideas for Electronic Checklist design, • critiques of ideas developed by the design team and • Consult the Advisory Panel frequently in performing all subsequent tasks. HMSE

  11. Develop Electronic Checklist • Define requirements for the Electronic Checklist, • design it, and • evaluate the design. HMSE

  12. Electronic Checklist Requirements • Broad Requirements • simple • pilot-centered • etc. • Functionality • provide access to checklist, checklist items • designed to prevent inadvertent activation • easily reconfigurable • customizable • etc. • Usability • easy to learn, use, and teach to others • usable by both new and highly experienced pilots • usable by pilots with little or no computer experience HMSE

  13. Electronic Checklist Requirements (continued) • Physical Characteristics • small and light • not be permanently panel mounted • offer flexible cockpit placement options • etc. • Reliability and Maintainability • easy to maintain • etc. • Cost • less than $1,000 (if a stand-alone hardware device) or • less than $500 (if implemented as software) HMSE

  14. Develop objectives & performance specifications • Define the requirements for the Electronic Checklist and how the design will be evaluated: • Define objectives & requirements • Define operating environment, e.g. • physical • acoustic • lighting • Define performance specifications • performance measures • Identify technological alternatives, e.g., • handheld, • laptop HMSE

  15. Performance Measures & Specifications • Measures related to speed • device access time • checklist selection time • checklist access time • item advance time • Measures Related to Accuracy or Freedom from Error • checklist accuracy • item accuracy • Flight Technical Error (FTE) HMSE

  16. Performance Measures & Specifications (continued) • Measures Related to Training Time • learning time • trust time • Measures Related To User Satisfaction • user comfort • acceptance level • Other Measures • workload HMSE

  17. Analyze systems & missions • Perform various analyses to better understand the domain and to refine Electronic Checklist requirements: • Analyze aircraft systems • subsystems • state variables • Define usercharacteristics, capabilities, and limitations • training, • experience, • physical, perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills HMSE

  18. Aircraft Systems • Airframe • Fuselage ... • Wings ... • Tail ... • Doors/Windows ... • Landing Gear ... • Propulsion System ... • Fuel System ... • Electrical System ... • Communication System ... • Flight Controls ... • Navigation System ... • Safety System ... HMSE

  19. Analyze systems & missions (continued) • Analyze mission • Typical mission profile (altitude vs. time, event sequence). • Function/subfunction hierarchy • Analyze Electronic Checklist functions • especially pilot sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions to complete checklist • Allocate Electronic Checklist functions • Analyze Electronic Checklist tasks • information requirements • decision making/cognitive processes • physical actions to complete task HMSE

  20. Mission Profile HMSE

  21. Function Analysis (Descend Phase) • Perform descend aviate functions • Control lateral profile • Control vertical profile • Control attitude • Control speed • Maintain temporal profile • Control aircraft configuration • Maintain restrictions • Avoid hazards • Perform descend navigate functions ... • Perform descend communicate functions ... • Perform descend manage system functions ... HMSE

  22. Design Electronic Checklist • Develop design specifications for the Electronic Checklist. • Identify, collect, and apply design resources • Develop preliminary designs • major form and functionality • use sketches, specifications • Develop detailed design • detailed design drawings, specifications. • Develop Electronic Checklist facilitator • e.g., Quick Reference Card HMSE

  23. Preliminary Design Specifications • The display will involve two window panes. • The display will not be touch sensitive. • The left pane of the display will display the separate checklists/folders. • The left pane will be approximately ¼ to 1/3 the total display area or less. • The right pane will display the individual items of each checklist. • The right pane will display the items of each checklist, depending on the checklist of emphasis in the left pane. • etc. HMSE

  24. Preliminary Design Drawings HMSE

  25. Prototype, test, and evaluate Electronic Checklist • Develop virtual prototype, full-scale mockups of selected design • Develop prototyping tools • Develop virtual prototype • Build mockup • Develop flight simulator testbed • Design test procedures • Conduct tests • Evaluate test results • Summarize findings HMSE

  26. Mockup HMSE

  27. Virtual Prototype (Microsoft Access) HMSE

  28. Simulator HMSE

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