1 / 39

Fre nch Revolution

Fre nch Revolution. 1789-1799 France. French Society Divided. Old Social Order: Ancien Regime= old order of France all the way from Feudalism/Middle Ages. Divided into one of three estates=social classes= 1 st Estate= Clergy= Officials of the Church

minda
Download Presentation

Fre nch Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. French Revolution 1789-1799 France

  2. French Society Divided • Old Social Order: Ancien Regime= old order of France all the way from Feudalism/Middle Ages. • Divided into one of three estates=social classes= • 1st Estate= Clergy= Officials of the Church • 2nd Estate= Nobility= Wealthy families that meet certain requirements by law • 3rd Estate= Everyone else- Lawyers, doctors, merchants, peasants, etc.

  3. Ist Estate- Clergy- 1.5% of Population Clergy= Members of the Church 2nd Estate- Nobility- 1.5% of Population 3rd Estate- Everyone Else- 97% of Population

  4. 1st and 2nd Estate Paid no taxes or almost no taxes. Were allowed weapons to hunt. Given land Given top job opportunities 3rd Estate- Hmmmm….. non Privileges

  5. 1st and 2nd Estate- Hmmm….. 3rd Estate Had to pay all the taxes- Had no say in government decisions Owed debts Food was expensive Wages were unfair Complaints

  6. Causes of the French Revolution • Enlightenment- Ideas, Beliefs, Etc. • The Inequalities among the social classes. • Financial Troubles- • Contributed to Financial debt: • 7 years war • American Revolution • Court (King and Queen) Spending • Only taxing the 3rd Estate • Over- borrowing money • Bad Harvest- Make food prices sky rocket • Population had increased dramatically within the recent century.

  7. In towns and cities, Enlightenment ideas led people to question the inequalities of the old (ancien) regime. Why should the first two estates have such great privileges at the expense of the majority?

  8. King Louis XVI- Calls the Estate General • What was the Estates General? • The legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates. 1 1 1 3rd Estate not represented fairly for being a majority of the population

  9. Estates General • Had not been called in 175 years. • France’s assembly of representatives from all 3 estates. • 1st and 2nd delegates knew that they could outvote the 3rd estate on any decision. • Prepare Grievance Notebooks= Cahiers • Many called for reforms such as fairer taxes, freedom of the press, regular meetings of the Estates General. • The cahiers testified to the Boiling class resentments.

  10. Financial Troubles • Jacques Necker- A financial Expert was called upon by the King because he knew the people were unhappy and about to revolt. • He advised the king to lower court spending. • Reform government • Tax the 1st and 2nd Estate – This caused the nobles and clergy to force the king to dismiss him • Stop burdensome tariffs (taxes) on internal trade.

  11. Events of the French Revolution: The Moderate Phase of the Revolution

  12. Storming of the Bastille • The people storm the Bastille (Fortress/Prison) that represented the old social order of France (feudalism) to obtain gunpowder to defend themselves. July 14, 1789. This symbolized the tearing down of the old order and the people taking power. The people actually took the bricks as keepsakes- this was symbolic because this was them putting an end to the oppression of the king.

  13. Tennis Court Oath • Delegates from the Third Estate= They wanted reform in government based on enlightened writers ideas. • All three estates were deadlocked over the issues of Voting= Each Estate having 1 vote. • After weeks of stalemate, delegates of the 3rd estate declared themselves the national assembly= being locked out because of this they stood in a tennis court and took an oath= “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution”

  14. The National Assembly • The National Assembly- The True Representatives of the people of France NOW- Made up of the 3rd Estate. • They declare their declaration: Rights of Man and the Citizen- their version of the Declaration of Independence. • End to tyranny • Seized the power from the Monarchy. • Establish a Constitutional Monarchy • Equality for all • Reasonable Justice • Freedom of Press • Only established rights for men • Did not give women any rights

  15. Women’s March ON Versailles • Spontaneous demonstration of Parisian women for bread and rights • The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens did not give women any rights and they felt they needed a movement to win rights for themselves. • Forces King Louie XVI and Marie Antoinette to move back to Paris- Remember they were living in their lavish Palace in Versailles- so away from the people because they were unconcerned with the troubles of what was going on in French society.

  16. The Church is Taken Under State Control • The people drafted a constitution to solve the continuing financial crisis- Civil Constitution of 1790. • To pay off the huge government debt– • As a radical move, the National Assembly put the French Catholic Church under state control. • This obviously made the clergy of the church very angry.

  17. The Constitution of 1791 Establishes a New Government: • National Assembly produced a Constitution in 1791- • It set up a limited monarchy in place of the absolute monarchy. • A new legislative assembly had the power to make laws, collect taxes, and decide on issues of war and peace. Lawmakers would be elected by tax-paying male citizens over 25.

  18. Flight Away From Paris • 1791- King Louie XVI makes his servants dress as nobility, he and the queen dressed as servants and they tried to escape Paris! • King and Queen were captured and Brought back to Paris!!!! • This was viewed as King Louis XVI as abdicating the throne! Giving up his title as King!

  19. NOTES STOP HERE STOP HERE FOR NOTES.

  20. The Jacobins- Jacobin Meeting House • Started as a debating society. • Membership mostly middle class.. • Radicals who want a republic

  21. The Radical’s Arms: No God!No Religion!No King!No Constitution!

  22. Radicals Take Control • Took control of the National Assembly, called for the election of a new legislative body called the National Convention. • The Monarchy is abolished • Established a republic. • Drew up a new Constitution (2nd) • King and Queen are beheaded.

  23. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

  24. Maximillian Robespierre(1758 – 1794) Main Architect of the “Reign of Terror!”

  25. Reign of Terror • Headed by Maximilien Robespierre • Set up a Committee of Public Safety which actually goes around arresting and beheading people. • De-Christianization- They felt religion had no place in their secular republic.

  26. Committee for Public Safety • Revolutionary Tribunals. • 300,000 arrested. • 16,000 – 50,000 executed.

  27. In Reaction to the Terror • Move away from the National Convention • Moderates take over and produce the 3rd constitution • They set up 5 man Directory and a two-house legislature elected by male citizens of property- They are now under the control of the Directory. • Estates General • National Assembly • National Convention • Directory. • The middle class and professional people held most power during this time period (1795-1799.)

  28. The Directory Phase • Somewhat weak but dictatorial • Many people were returning to France now and in 1797, supporters of a Constitutional Monarchy won the majority of the seats in Legislature. • People then turn to Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular military hero who would soon trick them all and become a ruler of France.

  29. Changes: Dislodged the old social order Overthrown the monarchy Brought the church under state control Nationalism Spreads Revolution Brings Change

  30. The Age of Napoleon 1799-1815 • His parents sent him to military school at a young age where he studied public speaking, strategy, etc. • At age 16 he graduated. • He then moved through the military ranks fast thus gaining control. • He was only 5’2….

  31. What does Napoleon have to do with the French Revolution? • He was a military general throughout the French Revolution. • He brought an end to France’s post revolution chaos. • He rebuilt France to bring it back to its former glory. • He brought stability to French society in terms of commerce and laws. • He founded a French Banking System. • He founded a FAIR, and modern legal code that is still used today.

  32. Other Things He Did… • Crowned himself Emperor (WHAT?!?!?! Yup!!!)- He Overthrew the Directory. • Invaded nearly every country in Europe… War War War…. Destruction Destruction… Enemies Enemies Enemies • Placed family members in top ranked positions (undeserving of course) • Started dozens of wars that cost millions of lives (and $$$).

  33. Sooo…. • Once his armies started losing battles his people became fed up, captured him and gave him to the enemy! • They banished him to a small, isolated island, St. Helena. Where he lived till his death under guard. • After he escaped, returned to France, was welcomed back, captured again at the Battle of Waterloo, then was banished again….

  34. Napoleon’s Impact • Napoleonic Code consolidated many changes of the Revolution • France was now a centralized state with a constitution (just). • Elections were held with expanded, though limited, suffrage. • Many more citizens had rights to property and access to education

  35. What then for Europe? • Congress of Vienna • Brilliant gathering of European leaders • To restore stability and order in Europe after years of war. • Bring lasting peace to Europe • Redrew the map of Europe • Would not see another war like Napoleon’s till 1914- WWI.

More Related