Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism

1. Chapter 6Nationalism and Ultranationalism Chapter Issue: To what extent can nationalism lead to ultranationalism?

2. How Have People Responded to Ultranationalism? • Ultranationalism infects all aspects of a country’s life: • Social • Economic • Cultural • Spiritual • Ultranationalists … • prey on people’s fears, and, • Use propaganda to spread hatred

3. Appeasement as a Response to Ultranationalism • After WW I and Great Depression people wanted peace … no more war. • Appeasement means … • ‘Giving into the demands’, • i.e., Adolph Hitler and Nazis • Since 1935,Germany expanding territory • 1938 PM’s in UK, Italy, France concerned and met with Hitler • Wanted to discuss Germany's takeovers

4. Appeasement as a Response to Ultranationalism • Agreement/Appeasement … • If Hitler stopped there, no more takeovers, then PM’s would not contest takeover in Czech. • Appeasement not in favor of all, i.e., UK’s Churchill • Germany continues its takeovers • Appeasement failed!

5. Failure of League of Nations • This group created after WWI • 58 countries, including Canada, UK, France, etc • Based on three principles • Order aggressor to leave • Impose trade sanctions, penalties • Use military force • Problem with L o N was member countries not required to provide troops • Japan/China example

6. Ethiopia • Another example of L o N failure • Italy wanted this territory • Mussolini fought with allies for support, thus wanted Ethiopia as a reward for support • Broken deal! • Invaded Ethiopia • Haile Selasse, Emperor of Ethiopia, asked League for help • League called for trade sanctions, but it failed • UK and France afraid to enforce sanctions because Mussolini might split with allies and join Germany and Japan • Ethiopia got no support

7. War as a Response to Ultranationalism • Appeasement not working • UK, France declare war, Canada joins • PM appeals to Canadians … • Read page 151, PM’s quote • Was it a form of propaganda?

8. Total War • Canada’s national interest was the war effort! • Germany was seen as the ‘evil enemy’ • Fighting for freedom of Mankind • Propaganda campaigns to raise $$ to support war • Restrictions on employers • Official censorship on … • Speeches for radio, • newspaper articles • Military read letters of soldiers to family members • Revealing information was blacked out

9. Conscription in Canada • Germany, Italy, Japan, Soviet Union believed in compulsory service or conscription to military • Conscription was not limited to dictatorships • In Canada, this created friction between English and French • Riots and protests in Montreal, Quebec City against forced military service

10. Internment in Canada • WWI saw Canada caught up in racism and extreme nationalism • Canadians of German, Italian, Japanese decent were targets and discriminated against • Japanese most severely affected • 1942, Japanese Canadians in western Canada rounded up and transported to internment camps in BC or on prairie farms • Gov. seized Japanese homes, property, businesses and sold them, used $$ to pay for keep of people in camps

11. Peacekeeping • United Nations (UN) following WWII • 1956 Suez Canal crises • Linking the Red Sea with Mediterranean Sea • Fees collected for use, profits went to companies • In 1956, Egypt seizes control • Response? Israeli, British and French forces invade canal zone • Lester Pearson, PM Canada, proposed idea of peacekeepers while diplomacy looked for a settlement • Welcome idea and UN agreed to send peacekeeping forces

12. Peacekeeping • Canadian government believed in a peaceful world • It was a national interest • Participating in peacekeeping missions is important part of Canada's foreign policy • Lester B Pearson wins the Nobel Peace in 1957 for his work and efforts.

13. Conclusion • Write a 2-paragraph response to this question • Should peacekeeping forces carry guns? • Agree and disagree with the argument • Text page 154.