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Nervous System (pg. 2)

Nervous System (pg. 2). What effects did Morgan Spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment? If you were to re-run the test, what things would you do differently? Why?. Page #2 of notebook. Nervous System/ Communication. Topic. Vocab Term Definition

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Nervous System (pg. 2)

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  1. Nervous System (pg. 2) • What effects did Morgan Spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment? • If you were to re-run the test, what things would you do differently? Why?

  2. Page #2 of notebook Nervous System/Communication

  3. Topic Vocab Term • Definition • Other important things about the topic (picture)

  4. Nervous System • Nervous System: The body’s electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells

  5. CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System: • Brain and Spinal Cord

  6. Peripheral Nervous System: • Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body • Anything not the brain/spinal cord

  7. Types of Neurons Sensory Neurons: • Nerves that carry messages from the body’s tissue and sensory receptors inward towards the brain Motor Neurons: • Nerves that carry instructions from the CNS to the body’s muscles

  8. Types of Neurons Sensory Motor

  9. What is a neuron? Neuron = Nerve cell

  10. The Neuron • Neuron = nerve cell • Job: To send information throughout the Nervous System

  11. Dendrites Dendrites

  12. Dendrites Dendrites: • Neuron’s bushy, branching extensions that receive messages from other neurons • Dendrites “Listen” • Mean ‘tree-like’

  13. Dendrites

  14. Cell Body Dendrites Cell Body Nucleus

  15. Cell Body • …Body of the cell; where the Nucleus is • Information is collected and determined whether or not to be sent down the axon

  16. Axon Axon terminal Dendrites Cell Body Axon Nucleus

  17. Axon Axon • The neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons • Two parts: Axon and Axon Terminals • Axons ‘talks’ through process called synapse (we’ll discuss that later)

  18. Recap 4 1 3 2

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyNkAuX29OU

  20. Myelin Sheath Axon terminal Dendrites Node of Ranvier Cell Body Axon Myelin Sheath Nucleus

  21. Myelin Sheath Myelin Sheath • Fatty tissue layer encasing the axons of some neurons • Enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one s to the next • Node of Ranvier: Space in between the myelin sheaths

  22. Myelin Sheath

  23. What happens when there is no Myelin Sheath? • Over time, covering gets damaged; causes neural transmission speed to decrease • Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's

  24. Page #3 of notebook Action Potential

  25. Recap • Neurons send information across body • Dendrites listen/receive information • Axon talk/send information ACTION POTENTIAL IS THE PROCESS OF TELLING THE AXON TERMINALS TO SEND INFORMATION!!!!!!!!

  26. Action Potential Action Potential: • Brief electrical charge that travels down the neuron’s axon

  27. Action Potential Receive Information Send Information Action Potential!

  28. AP: Step One 1. Resting Potential • Inside of cell has negative charge (~70mV) • Potassium (K) on inside; Sodium (Na) on outside • Cell is ready to jump into action!

  29. AP: Step Two 2. Na+ Doors Open • Na+ channels open; Na+ ions from the outside enter the cell • Cell becomes more positive; will it reach the action threshold?!?

  30. AP: Step Three 3. Depolarization • As Na+ is coming in, K+ doors open up; K+ ions from the inside leave the cell • Cell’s charge begins to level out (becoming more positive)

  31. AP: Step Four 4. Action Potential Climax • Na+ channels close; no more Na+ ions can enter cell • Note: K+ ions are still leaving; what is that going to do to the electrical charge of the cell?

  32. AP: Step Five 5. Repolarization • K+ ions continue to leave the cell • Cell is returning to a “resting level” stage

  33. AP: Step Six 6. Hyperpolarization • K+ doors finally close; more K+ outside than Na+ inside • Result: Cell body is too negative; cell adjusts to reach resting potential once more.

  34. AP: Step Seven Back to resting potential • The system is ready to go again!

  35. Page #4 in notebook Synapse: Axons talking to Dendrites

  36. Bell Ringer 11/6 Page #4 in notebook Does the process of action potential send messages to other neurons? If so, how? If not, what does it do then?

  37. Recap • What are the parts of the neuron? What does each part do? • Action potential is getting messages from one end of neuron to the other

  38. Recap: Action Potential • Like a wave: Electrical charge of cell goes up and down • That up and down of charge pushes the message down axon

  39. Synapse • Now that the information is at the axon, it needs to be sent to another neuron Synapse: • The Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

  40. Synapse Activity • Each row will have 1 dendrite, 1 axon terminal; everyone else is in the axon • Goal: to send down the most messages down the neuron • Dendrite receives message from Mr. D • Axon show the processes in the action potential • Axon terminal shoots message into bin

  41. 11/7/13: The Brain Page #5 of notebook Yesterday we showed how synapse worked and how sometimes synapse is blocked. Using that information, how does Tylenol work with neurons?

  42. Look what I found! http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/31/242158325/a-new-look-at-an-old-epilepsy-drug-yields-treatment-clue

  43. 11/7/13: Recap • Messages travel through the nervous system; this system is created by neurons • In the neuron: dendrites listen, axon terminals talk • Action Potential = message travels from dendrite to axon (SAME NEURON) • Synapse = messages travels from one neuron to the other (OTHER NEURON)

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