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The Impact of Chernobyl and the Conflict in Yugoslavia: A Historical Overview

This document explores critical events in European history, focusing on the Chernobyl disaster and the tumultuous breakup of Yugoslavia. It examines the causes and immediate effects of the Chernobyl explosion on Belarus and Sweden, as well as the long-term implications for the region. Additionally, it addresses the rise of nationalism in Yugoslavia, the conflicts that ensued, the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, and the eventual Kosovo independence. Highlighting both environmental and human crises, the information provides a comprehensive understanding of these significant historical events.

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The Impact of Chernobyl and the Conflict in Yugoslavia: A Historical Overview

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  1. Bellringer • Get out your Pollution articles and map • Add symbols for Chernobyl and the Black Triangle to your map. • Answer these on paper & highlight in text: • How did the explosion in Chernobyl happen (cause)? • What were the effects on Belarus & Sweden? • What were some immediate effects of the explosion? Long term effects? (good and bad) • Where is the Black Triangle and why is it called that? • What are the effects of high chimney use in cities? • List three ways Europe is trying to reduce acid rain production.

  2. Simplified Yugoslavia • WWII: Nazis invaded Yugoslavia Tito led uprising became Communist leader post-war • Many ethnic groups/provinces now tied together • Tito dies in 1980 with no strong successor • Serbian Milosevic takes hold strong nationalist stirred tensions b/w Serbs (Orthodox Christians) and Muslims (in Bosnia & Albania/Kosovo) • Christians in Kos. told of mistreatment by Muslim Albanians in Kos Serbia took complete control

  3. Simplified Yugoslavia • 1991: Slovenia & Croatia declare indepen. from Yug. • Yug. Army (mostly Serbs) attacked Slovenia, but fail • Focus on Croatia b/c more Serbs live there • During WWII Serbs in Croatia had been massacred • Milosevic wants to ‘protect’ Serb minority in Croatia • Mass executions, bombings, destruction of Croat/Muslim bldgs by Serbs world did not interfere (arms embargo had little effect) • Cease-fire end of 1991(US)

  4. Simplified Yugoslavia • 1992: EU* & U.S. recognize Bosnia indep. • Serbs are minority in the Muslim country • Milosevic attacked Sarajevo • Bosnian Muslim Genocide • Mass executions, forced displacement, concentration camps, rape as a weapon “ethnic cleansing” • Destruction of Muslim religious and historical bldgs • UN put econ. sanctions on Serbia, sent food & medicine (no military axn) • Feb. 1994: bombing of marketplace global broadcast

  5. Simplified Yugoslavia • 1993: Clinton gives ultimatum cease-fire in Sarajevo • US unites Croatian Catholics & Bosnian Muslims Serbs attack again (including UN troops) • NATO launches air attacks • Srebrenica 8,000 murdered, mass rapes • Aug. 1995: US led NATO bombings til Oct. & Bosnian Muslims receive weapons from Islamic world • Nov. 1995:Peace talks held in Ohio • Milosevic tried for war crimes

  6. Simplified Kosovo • Late 1800s: Albanians (Muslims) now majority in Kosovo • Serbia wins territory in First Balkan War (1912)Kosovo an autonomous province • Albanian ethnic nationalism in 80s riots for Kosovo’s indep. from Serbia • Kosovo Serbs claim Kosovo Albanians mistreated them Milosevic takes away autonomy & represses Albanians in early 90s • Albanians form Kos. Liberation Army insurgents

  7. Simplified Kosovo • 1998: Serbs conduct counterinsurgency • Massacres, expelled Albanians • NATO responded w/ bombing in March 1999 Serbia w/draws • 1999: Kosovo put under transitional admin by UN….UNMIK • Negotiations began in 2005-2007 • February 2008: Kosovo declared independent • Serbia still rejects their independence

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