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rDNA Technology & Food Uses

rDNA Technology & Food Uses. Sana Javed UG 3- Section A. Recombinant DNA ( rDNA ) Technology. Cutting a known DNA sequence from one organism & introducing it into another Recipient genotype ( & hence the phenotype ) alteration. Food Safety. DNA insertion- uncontrolled event

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rDNA Technology & Food Uses

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  1. rDNA Technology & Food Uses Sana Javed UG 3- Section A

  2. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Technology • Cutting a known DNA sequence from one organism & introducing it into another • Recipient genotype ( & hence the phenotype) alteration

  3. Food Safety • DNA insertion- uncontrolled event • Alterations in DNA may interfere with the regulation and expression of certain genes • Toxins • Allergens • Nutritional change

  4. Environmental Concerns • Escaping & spreading the engineered gene in the natural gene flow process • Insect resistant crops- Non-specific

  5. Ethical and Social Issues • Prohibited animal-derived genes in plant foods • Ecosystem disruption

  6. Safety Assessment • Conducted under ground rules given by WHO, FAO &OECD • Safety testing: • Toxicological testing • Allergenicity studies • Nutritional analysis • Environment: field allocation preventing horizontal gene transfer • Ethical concerns: labeling foods contai-ning animal-derived genes

  7. Application of Recombinant DNA Technology in Agriculture Adeena Shafique

  8. INTRODUCTION Application of recombinant DNA technology has primarily helped in producing three major types of transgenic plant having improved performances. These are: (1) Development of stress tolerant plants (2) Development of plants having improved yield (3) Transgenic plants as a source of biopharmaceuticals

  9. Development of stress tolerant plant • Plant resistant to environmental stress • Herbicide Resistant plant • Insect resistant plant • Disease resistance plant

  10. Plants resistant to Environmental stress • Abiotic stresses: Drought, Heat, Cold, Too salty or acidic soils • Genetically modified Tomato and Canolatolerate very high salt levels. • Maize and papaya resistant to aluminum.

  11. Herbicide Resistant Plants • Herbicide-RoundupTMcontains glyphosate. • Glyphosate kills many plants. • It binds to the plant enzyme EPSP synthase. • rDNA technology modified EPSP gene. • Soybean resistant to glyphosate. rDNA technology

  12. Insect resistant plants • Farmers can use insecticides but these are harmful for human health. • Bt genes from Bacillus thuringiensisare used. • Transgenic crops (e.g. cotton, rice, maize, potato, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage etc.) with Bt genes have been developed and such transgenic varieties proved effective in controlling the insect pests.

  13. Disease resistant plants • Plants are susceptible to viral, bacterial, fungal diseases. • Genes encoding viral coat protein expressed in plants. Protects the plant from subsequent infection. • TMV coat protein gene expressed in tobacco plant protected it from TMV infection.

  14. Development of plants having increased quality of plant products Golden Rice

  15. Increase in quality of plant products • Golden rice containing beta carotene to overcome vitamin A deficiency in regions where rice is the staple food • Canola containing high levels of oleic acids • Tomatoes which do not rot in room temperature • Other vegetables and fruits with delayed ripening as well as modified flavor characteristics

  16. Transgenic plant as a source of bio pharmaceuticals • Edible vaccines- A reality in the future?! • Expression of antigenic proteins in crops like banana and tomato. • Great advantages- avoiding storage problems, easy delivery system, low cost.

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