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Software Project Management

Software Project Management. “What is happening in the project?”. Lecture Objectives. To discuss the various aspects of project management To understand the tasks in software project management To describe the project titles in the course To describe the requirements of a project plan.

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Software Project Management

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  1. Software Project Management “What is happening in the project?” TCS2411 Software Engineering

  2. Lecture Objectives • To discuss the various aspects of project management • To understand the tasks in software project management • To describe the project titles in the course • To describe the requirements of a project plan TCS2411 Software Engineering

  3. Project • Definition: A group of tasks performed in a definable time period in order to meet a specific set of objectives • Project Features: • likely to be unique (one-time program) • have specific start and end time (life cycle) • have work scope that can be categorised into definable tasks • has a budget, require use of resources TCS2411 Software Engineering

  4. What is involved • People — the most important element of a successful project • Product — the software to be built • Process — the set of framework activities and software engineering tasks to get the job done • Project — all work required to make the product a reality TCS2411 Software Engineering

  5. A Simple Project “Going to the movies with friends” TCS2411 Software Engineering

  6. Management • The planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling of a company’s resources to meet the company’s objectives TCS2411 Software Engineering

  7. Definition of Project Management • The planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of resources for a specific time period to meet a specific set of one-time objectives TCS2411 Software Engineering

  8. Primary Objectives of Project Management • To meet specified performance • ... within cost • ... and on schedule TCS2411 Software Engineering

  9. Project Management Activities • Establish project objectives • Defining work requirement • Determining work timing • Establishing resource availability and requirements • Establishing a cost baseline • Evaluating and optimising the baseline plan TCS2411 Software Engineering

  10. Project Management Activities (Continued) • Freezing the baseline plan • Tracking the actual costs • Comparing the progress and cost to the baseline plan • Evaluating performance • Forecasting, analysing and recommending corrective action TCS2411 Software Engineering

  11. Benefits of Project Management • Identification of function responsibilities to ensure that all activities are accounted for, regardless of personnel turnover • Minimizing the need for continuous reporting • Identification of time limits for scheduling • Identification of a methodology for tradeoff analysis TCS2411 Software Engineering

  12. Benefits of Project Management (Continued) • Measurement of accomplishment against plans • Early identification of problems • Improved estimating capabilities for future planning • Knowing when objectives cannot be met or will be exceeded TCS2411 Software Engineering

  13. Software Projects Factors that influence the end result ... Factors that influence the end result ... • size • delivery deadline • budgets and costs • application domain • technology to be implemented • system constraints • user requirements • available resources TCS2411 Software Engineering

  14. Project Management Concerns TCS2411 Software Engineering

  15. Project Management Problems • Resources inadequate • Meeting (“unrealistic”) deadlines • Unclear goals/direction • Team members uncommitted • Insufficient planning • Breakdowns in communications • Changes in goals and resources • Conflicts between departments or functions TCS2411 Software Engineering

  16. Resources of A Company • Money • Manpower • Equipment • Facilities • Materials • Information/technology TCS2411 Software Engineering

  17. Obstacles in Project Management • Project complexity • Customer’s special requirement • Organizational restructuring • Project risks • Changes in technology • Forward planning and pricing TCS2411 Software Engineering

  18. Project Management Skills • Communication Skills • Organizational Skills • Team Building Skills • Leadership Skills • Coping Skills • Technological Skills TCS2411 Software Engineering

  19. Project Titles • Select one of the following project titles: TCS2411 Software Engineering

  20. Project Plan “What are you going to do in the project?” TCS2411 Software Engineering

  21. Project Plan Elements • Project Objective & Scope • Schedule • Team Organization • Project Standards and Procedures • Documentation Plan • Quality Assurance Plan • Resource Management Plan • Configuration Management Plan TCS2411 Software Engineering

  22. Organizational Paradigms closed paradigm—structures a team along a traditional hierarchy of authority. Hierarchical Organization TCS2411 Software Engineering

  23. Organizational Paradigms continue random paradigm—structures a team loosely and depends on individual initiative of the team members Democratic Organization TCS2411 Software Engineering

  24. Other organizational structure • open paradigm—attempts to structure a team in a manner that achieves some of the controls associated with the closed paradigm but also much of the innovation that occurs when using the random paradigm • synchronous paradigm—relies on the natural compartment-alization of a problem and organizes team members to work on pieces of the problem with little active communication among themselves TCS2411 Software Engineering

  25. Team Leader • Communications with Lecturer • Coordination of Project Activities • Final say in decisions if the team is unable to reach a decision TCS2411 Software Engineering

  26. Programming Leader • Responsible for programming activities • Coordination of software development tasks • Knowledge of programming language and tools TCS2411 Software Engineering

  27. Quality Manager • Responsible for quality in project work • Coordination of testing and review activities • Ensure that quality standards are adhered e.g. version control and document formats TCS2411 Software Engineering

  28. Document Manager • Responsible for documentation activities • Coordination of document preparation tasks • Keeps ‘master copy’ of all project documents TCS2411 Software Engineering

  29. Resource Manager • Responsible for project resources • Treasurer - manages the costs of the project • Ensures that resources are obtained for project tasks e.g. computer resources TCS2411 Software Engineering

  30. Project Standards Example • All documents must have a version number • All documents must be prepared using MS Word • All meetings must have minutes • Project file name extensions, suffixes, prefixes TCS2411 Software Engineering

  31. Software Configuration • Computer programs • Source code • Executable code • Documents that describe the computer programs • For technical staff • For users • Data • Within the program and external to it TCS2411 Software Engineering

  32. Software Configuration Item • A document or an artifact that is explicitly placed under configuration control and that can be regarded as a basic unit for modification • Examples: • requirement documents • design document • code of a module • test plan TCS2411 Software Engineering

  33. References • “Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach” 5th Ed. by Roger S. Pressman, Mc-Graw-Hill, 2001 • “Project Management: A Managerial Approach” by Jack R. Meredith & Samuel J. Mantel, Jr. , John Wiley, 1989 • “Project Management: Principles and Practices” by M. Pete Spinner, Prentice-Hall, 1997 • “Goal Directed Project Management”, 2nd Edition, by Erling S. Andersen, Kristoffer V. Grude & Tor Haug, Kogan Page, 1995 TCS2411 Software Engineering

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