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Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

This chapter explores the different compartments in the body, including lumen and fluid compartments, biological membranes, intracellular compartments, tissue types and characteristics, tissue remodeling, and organs. It also discusses the three major body cavities and the body fluid compartments.

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Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

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  1. Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues 3

  2. About this Chapter • Lumen and fluid compartments • Biological membranes • Intracellular compartments • Tissue types and characteristics • Tissue remodeling • Organs

  3. Three Major Body Cavities Figure 3-1

  4. Lumens of Hollow Organs • Hollow organs • Heart • Lungs • Blood vessels • Intestines • Lumen • Fluid-filled interior • Not the internal environment

  5. Functional Compartments • Extracellular fluid • Plasma • Interstitial fluid • Intracellular fluid

  6. Body Fluid Compartments Figure 3-2

  7. Cell Membrane: Overview Membranes in the body Figure 3-3

  8. Cell Membrane: Function • Physical barrier • Gateway for exchange • Communication • Cell structure • Phospholipid bilayer

  9. Cell Membrane: Structure The fluid mosaic model of a biological membrane Figure 3-4

  10. Cell Membrane: Composition Lipids Micelles Liposomes Sphingolipids Proteins Integral Peripheral Lipid-anchored

  11. Cell Membrane: Formation Membrane phospholipids form bilayers, micelles, or liposomes Figure 3-5a

  12. Cell Membrane: Formation Figure 3-5b

  13. Cell Membrane: Proteins The three types of membrane proteins: integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored Figure 3-6

  14. Cell Membrane Map of cell membrane components Figure 3-9

  15. Cell Compartments • Cytoplasm • Cytosol • Inclusions • Organelles • Nucleus

  16. Cell Compartments A map for the study of cell structure Figure 3-11

  17. Inclusions: No Membranes • Ribosomes • Free • Fixed • Proteasomes • Vaults

  18. Cytoplasmic Proteins Fibers • Actin (microfilaments) • Intermediate • Microtubules • Tubulin • Centrioles • Cilia • Flagella

  19. Centrioles, Cilia, and Flagella • Centrioles • Pull chromosomes • Form core in cilia • Cilia and flagella • Fluid movement

  20. Centrioles, Cilia, and Flagella Figure 3-13a–b

  21. Cilia and Flagella • Motor proteins • Microtubules • Nine pairs surrounding a central pair • Cilia move fluids • Flagella move sperm cell

  22. Cilia and Flagella Figure 3-13c–d

  23. Cytoskeleton: Function • Cell shape • Internal organization • Intracellular transport • Assembly of cells into tissues • Movement

  24. Cytoskeleton and Cytoplasmic Protein Fibers Figure 3-14a

  25. Cytoskeleton and Cytoplasmic Protein Fibers Figure 3-14b

  26. Mitochondria: Membrane-Bound • Membranes for protected reactions • Mitochondria • Generates cell energy (ATP) • Have own DNA

  27. Mitochondria: Membrane-Bound Figure 3-16a

  28. Mitochondria: Membrane-Bound Figure 3-16b

  29. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Smooth ER • Lipid synthesis • Conversion • Rough ER • Ribosomes • Protein assembly • Transport vesicles

  30. Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 3-17 (1 of 3)

  31. Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 3-17 (2 of 3)

  32. Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 3-17 (3 of 3)

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