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Cells and Tissues

Cells and Tissues. Body Tissues. Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types Epithelial tissue (epithelium) Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue. Epithelial Tissues. Locations Body coverings Body linings Glandular tissue Functions

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Cells and Tissues

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  1. Cells and Tissues

  2. Body Tissues • Tissues • Groups of cells with similar structure and function • Four primary types • Epithelial tissue (epithelium) • Connective tissue • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue

  3. Epithelial Tissues • Locations • Body coverings • Body linings • Glandular tissue • Functions • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Secretion

  4. Epithelium Characteristics • Cells fit closely together and often form sheets • The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue • The lower surface of the epithelium rests on a basement membrane • Avascular (no blood supply) • Regenerate easily if well nourished

  5. Epithelium Characteristics Figure 3.17a

  6. Classification of Epithelia • Number of cell layers • Simple—one layer • Stratified—more than one layer Figure 3.17a

  7. Classification of Epithelia • Shape of cells • Squamous • flattened • Cuboidal • cube-shaped • Columnar • column-like Figure 3.17b

  8. Simple Epithelia • Simple squamous • Single layer of flat cells • Usually forms membranes • Lines body cavities • Lines lungs and capillaries

  9. Simple Epithelia Figure 3.18a

  10. Simple Epithelia • Simple cuboidal • Single layer of cube-like cells • Common in glands and their ducts • Forms walls of kidney tubules • Covers the ovaries

  11. Simple Epithelia Figure 3.18b

  12. Simple Epithelia • Simple columnar • Single layer of tall cells • Often includes mucus-producing goblet cells • Lines digestive tract

  13. Simple Epithelia Figure 3.18c

  14. Simple Epithelia • Pseudostratified columnar • Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others • Often looks like a double layer of cells • Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract • May function in absorption or secretion

  15. Simple Epithelia Figure 3.18d

  16. Stratified Epithelia • Stratified squamous • Cells at the apical surface are flattened • Found as a protective covering where friction is common • Locations • Skin • Mouth • Esophagus

  17. Stratified Epithelia Figure 3.18e

  18. Stratified Epithelia • Stratified cuboidal—two layers of cuboidal cells • Stratified columnar—surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape • Stratified cuboidal and columnar • Rare in human body • Found mainly in ducts of large glands

  19. Stratified Epithelia • Transitional epithelium • Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching • Lines organs of the urinary system

  20. Stratified Epithelia Figure 3.18f

  21. Glandular Epithelium • Gland • One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product

  22. Glandular Epithelium • Two major gland types • Endocrine gland • Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels • All secretions are hormones • Exocrine gland • Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface • Include sweat and oil glands

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