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Muslim Expansion and Conquest: The Rise and Fall of Islamic Empires

Learn about the first four Caliphs and reasons for Muslim successes in spreading Islam. Explore the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, their achievements, and decline. Discover the Moors in Spain and their cultural impact. Visual summary included.

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Muslim Expansion and Conquest: The Rise and Fall of Islamic Empires

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  1. Muslim Expansion & Conquest

  2. First four Caliphs • Muhammad’s closest followers • Led Muslims after death of Muhammad • Spread Islam into Syria, Egypt, Persia, & North Africa

  3. Reasons for Muslim Successes • Muslims willing to fight to spread Islam • Jihad holy war • Byzantines & Persians weakened from fighting each other • Muslims didn’t persecute non-believers or force people to convert

  4. Empire stretched from Spain to Central Asia Created bureaucracy (system of officials) to organize & run empire from capital of Damascus Arabic  common language Overthrown by Abbasids Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)

  5. Capital in Baghdad (trading center) Kept through strong, standing army Made advances in art, math, astronomy, & medicine Declined because of weak leaders, revolts, & invasions Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)

  6. Moors  Umayyads in Spain (Al-Andalus) • Capital at Cordoba • Economic and cultural center (trade, new ideas, learning, etc.) • Tolerance for Jews led to new Sephardic (Spanish-Jewish) culture • Later defeated by Spanish in 1492 Moors (711-1492)

  7. Visual Summary of Muslim Expansion

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