Chapter 7 REVIEW

1. Chapter 7 REVIEW

2. 1. 2 divisions of the skeletal system • Axial • Skull • Look at which ones are PAIRED • General locations • Sutures • Ribs • Sternum • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Appendicular • Scapula • Clavicle • Humerus • Ulna • Radius • Coxal • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Tarsals • Carpals

3. 2. Definitions… • Condyle – Smooth, rounded articular surface • Fossa – Depression • Meatus – Tunnel • Spine – Very high ridge • Tuberosity – Knob • Whiplash – hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae

4. 3. Anatomical names • Big toe – Hallux • Shinbone – Tibia • Tailbone – Coccyx • Kneecap – Patella • Heel – Calcaneous • Breastbone – Sternum • Thumb – Pollux • Jaw – Mandible • Knuckles – Metacarpals • Finger - phalanges

5. 3. Anatomical names • Forehead – Frontal • Collar bone – Clavicle • Hip bone – Coxae (coxal) • Shoulder blade – Scapula • Elbow – Olecranon process • Cheek bone - Zygomatic

6. 4. Purpose of the Foramen magnum • Large opening in the occipital bone • Allows the exit of the spinal cord from the brain to the vertebrae

7. 5. Sounds to the eardrum • External auditory meatus

8. 6. Hyoid bone • Unpaired • No direct bony attachment to the skull • Instead, muscles and ligaments attach it to the skull • Provides an attachment site for some tongue muscles

9. 7. 5 sections of the vertebral column • Cervical – neck • Thoracic • Lumbar – lower back • Sacrum • Coccyx - tailbone

10. 8.2 cervical vertebrae • 1st = Atlas • 2nd = Axis • Has the dens (little knob that allows you to turn your head side to side)

11. 9. Distinguishing feature of thoracic • Have long, thin spinous processes

12. 10. Rib articulation • The ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

13. 11. As one ages, how do we lose height… • Lose bone density • Loses cartilage mass of the intervertebral disks – becomes thinner and lose its elasticity

14. 12. Distinguish… • Lordosis – exaggerated curve of the lumbar and cervical vertebrae • Kyphosis – Humpback, rounding of the back, slouching posture • Scoliosis – Side to side (lateral) curve • Spina bifida – spinal cord and vertebrae do not close before birth

15. 13. 3 types of ribs • True ribs – articulate with the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae • False ribs – do not attach directly to the sternum, but the ribs above it • Floating ribs – do not attach to the sternum

16. 14. 3 parts of the sternum

17. 15. Carpal bones Radius is on the same side as the thumb

18. 15. Tarsal bones

19. 16. Dislocated shoulder • Injury to the joint between the humerus and scapula • Ball and socket joint • Humerus fits into the glenoid cavity

20. 17. Name the following: • ANATOMICAL POSITION • Forearm • Lateral bone – Radius (thumb side) • Medial bone - Ulna • Ankle joint • Lateral side - Fibula • Medial side - Tibia

21. 18. Location of each • Acetabulum – socket of the pelvis (femur attaches here) • Obturator foramen – holes for nerves/muscles to pass in the coxa • Ilium – uppermost bone of the pelvis • Ischium – lower/back part of the pelvis • Pubic – very bottom of the pelvis

22. 18. Locations of each • Talus – sits between the heel bone (calcaneous) and the tibia/fibula • Coxal – hip bone • Deltoid tuberosity – humerus; rough area for muscle attachment • Greater trochanter – next to the head of the femur • Lateral malleous – distal end of the fibula

23. 19. Big toe and Thumb • They both only have 2 bones • Distal and proximal phalanges – NO MEDIAL