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State-building as a tool against terrorism

State-building as a tool against terrorism. Heidi Huuhtanen UPI. Research.

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State-building as a tool against terrorism

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  1. State-building as a tool against terrorism Heidi Huuhtanen UPI

  2. Research • Heidi Huuhtanen: Weak states and terrorism in the Arab world. In Timo Kivimäki (Ed): Islam, terrorism and North-South Interaction. Research Report for the Finnish Foreign Ministry, July 2004. Studies in a Nutshell, No. 9. CTS-Conflict Transformation Service. NIAS. • Heidi Huuhtanen: Western policies and reforms in the Middle East. UPI-Working Paper, 43/2003. • Heidi Huuhtanen: Role of the International actors in promotion of political change in the Arab world: Case studies of Egypt and Syria. Report to the MFA Finalnd, UPI-Working paper 2005 (Forthcoming)

  3. How do weak states produce terrorism? State-building as a tool

  4. Defining weak and failing states • Inability to mobilize the use of legitimate violence • Inability to guarantee political participation • Inability to provide public services (employment, educaiton, health care, social security)

  5. Stages of radicalisation to terrorism • Stage 1. Crisis of Confidence: Groups use extra-parliamentary politics and direct actions such as demonstrations and protests. Groups do not challenge the legitimacy of the system. • Stage 2. Conflict of Legitimacy: Political disengagement. Groups challenge the legitimacy of the system and create strategies for creating an alternative system. Intense dehumanisation. • Stage 3. Crisis of Legitimacy: Groups function underground, use revolutionary strategies for creating a new order. Terrorism likely.

  6. Monopoly of violence and resources Public services and utilities Political system Weak States ·security sector reform, ·combat „crime and conflict“ networks ·financial and economic aid (e.g. lowering trade barriers), ·economic and agricultural reforms, ·prioritising public investment for education and health sector, ·effective use of resources (capability-building) ·Programs for small- medium size companies ·assistance to democratisation , ·anti-corruption measures, ·election observance, ·reform of the legal and the court system, ·fostering human rights, ·fostering freedom of press, ·constitutional reforms, ·reform of state’s bureaucracy

  7. Failed states ·international peace-keeping and peace-enforcement ·international policing, ·establishment of local police and a national army, ·programs for demobili-sation, disarmament and reintegration of ex-combatants, ·control of external borders, ·support of national peace processes, ·combat of „crime and conflict networks“ ·rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructure, ·providing basis needs for the population, ·humanitarian aid, ·return of refugees, ·long-term financial aid, ·substantial economic and agricultural reforms, ·increasing public investment for education and health sector ·international administration, ·institution building, ·establishment of the rule of law, ·new constitution, ·organisation and monitoring of elections, ·anti-corruption programs ·fostering human rights standards and freedom of the media

  8. State-building tools • Assistance in democratization, anti-corruption measures, election observance, reform of the legal and the court systems, fostering human rights, fostering freedom of press, constitutional reforms, reform of states’ bureaucracy, financial and economic aid (e.g. lowering trade barriers), economic and agricultural reforms, prioritizing public investment for education and health sector and supporting effective use of resources (capacity-building).

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