Spatial Diversity Support through Seed Dispersal

1. Spatiality can support diversity + . . . N N N N N N N N P N N P N N P N Disperse seeds over parent + 4 neighbors N N N N N N N Parent + 8 neighbors Entire lattice • Rather than merely containing a tessellation of miniature copies of a corresponding globally-mixed model, local regions in a spatially-resolved model can • Look different from each other • Look different from the solution for the global model T = 0.5, R = 0.25, P = -0.25, S = -0.5 See also similar spatial games studied by Nowak and May (1992).

2. Survey local neighborhood Neighbor +S R S +S Focal individual +R T P +R Focal individual receives

3. Accumulate payoff to make seeds Neighbor +S R S +S Focal individual +R T P +R Focal individual receives

4. Accumulate payoff to make seeds Neighbor R S Focal individual T P Focal individual receives

5. Disperse seeds Neighbor R S Focal individual T P Focal individual receives

6. Seed annihilation and competition Neighbor R S Focal individual T P Surviving blue seed powder Focal individual receives

7. Seed annihilation and competition Neighbor R S Focal individual T P Focal individual receives